A nurse is admitting an older adult from Mumbai, India who is visiting family members in the US. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to say?

A. Droplet: Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Therefore, droplet precautions are necessary to prevent the spread of the infection to others. This includes wearing a surgical mask when within 3 feet of the client and ensuring the client wears a mask when outside of their room.

B. Contact: Contact precautions are used for infections that can be spread through direct or indirect contact with the patient or contaminated surfaces. While there may be some overlap, contact precautions are not the primary focus for pertussis transmission.

C. Protective: Protective precautions (also known as reverse isolation) are utilized to protect immunocompromised patients from infections. This is not applicable for a patient with pertussis, as the focus is on preventing the spread of the infection rather than protecting the patient from pathogens.

D. Airborne: Airborne precautions are used for infections that are transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei, such as tuberculosis or measles. Pertussis does not fall under this category, as it is primarily transmitted through larger respiratory droplets.

E. Full semen: This option is not a recognized type of precaution. The correct term should focus on standard and transmission-based precautions relevant to infectious diseases.

A. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not a typical finding associated with immobility. In fact, immobility often leads to constipation due to decreased gastrointestinal motility. Factors such as diet and medication can influence bowel habits, but diarrhea is not a direct complication of immobility.

B. Contractures of the extremities: Contractures are a common complication of immobility. When a joint is not moved regularly, the muscles and tissues can shorten, leading to stiffness and loss of mobility in the affected area. This is especially common in patients who are bedridden or have limited range of motion.

C. Polyuria: Polyuria, or increased urine output, is not typically associated with immobility. Immobility can lead to decreased kidney function and fluid retention, potentially resulting in oliguria (decreased urine output) rather than polyuria.

D. Pressure ulcers: Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are a significant risk for individuals with limited mobility. They develop due to prolonged pressure on the skin, particularly over bony prominences, leading to skin breakdown and tissue damage. Regular repositioning and skin care are essential to prevent this complication.

E. Crackles in the lungs: Crackles can be heard during auscultation in patients who are immobile. They may develop due to fluid accumulation in the lungs, atelectasis (collapse of lung tissue), or pneumonia, which are all more likely to occur in individuals with limited mobility. Immobility can impair respiratory function, leading to these complications.