A nurse is analyzing arterial blood gas results for a client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What abnormal finding should the nurse anticipate?

Increased carbon dioxide.

Increased pH.

Decreased alveolar function.

Increased arterial oxygen.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
In a client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an arterial blood gas (ABG) test would typically show an increased level of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)56. This is because COPD affects the ability of the lungs to expel carbon dioxide, leading to its buildup in the blood.
Choice B rationale
An increased pH is not typically seen in COPD. In fact, due to the increased carbon dioxide (which is acidic), the pH may be lower, indicating respiratory acidosis.
Choice C rationale
Decreased alveolar function is a characteristic of COPD, but it is not something that would be directly measured in an ABG test.
Choice D rationale
An increased arterial oxygen (PaO2) is not typically seen in COPD. In fact, due to the impaired gas exchange, PaO2 may be lower.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
While skin breakdown can occur due to prolonged bed rest, it is not directly related to shallow respirations and refusal to cough or get out of bed.
Choice B rationale
Pneumonia is a possible complication due to immobility and shallow breathing. However, it is not the most immediate risk for a postoperative client who is refusing to cough or get out of bed.
Choice C rationale
Thrombosis is a risk associated with immobility, but it is not directly related to shallow respirations.
Choice D rationale
Atelectasis, or the collapse of alveoli in the lungs, is a common complication after surgery due to shallow breathing and lack of movement. This condition leads to reduced or absent gas exchange, which can further complicate the client’s recovery.

A. Report the absence of spontaneous respirations. B. Encourage the patient to attempt to breathe on their own. C. Provide passive range-of-motion exercises. D. Respond to ventilator alarms.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Reporting the absence of spontaneous respirations is important, but it is not the priority action. The patient is on mechanical ventilation, so the absence of spontaneous respirations is expected.
Choice B rationale
Encouraging the patient to attempt to breathe on their own is not the priority action. The patient is receiving mechanical ventilation, which means they are likely unable to breathe adequately on their own.
Choice C rationale
Providing passive range-of-motion exercises is important for overall patient mobility and prevention of complications such as deep vein thrombosis, but it is not the priority action in this case.
Choice D rationale
Responding to ventilator alarms is the priority action. Alarms may indicate a change in the patient’s condition or a problem with the ventilator. Immediate response is necessary to ensure the patient’s safety.

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A nurse is analyzing arterial blood gas results for a client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What abnormal finding should the nurse anticipate?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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