A nurse is applying cold therapy to a client's face following oral surgery. The nurse should identify that which of the following is a therapeutic effect of cold therapy?

Increased tissue metabolism

Reduced blood coagulation

Decreased edema formation

Improved blood flow

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Increased tissue metabolism: Cold therapy slows tissue metabolism by reducing enzymatic activity and cellular function, which helps minimize inflammation and tissue damage, not increase metabolism.

B. Reduced blood coagulation: Cold therapy typically promotes vasoconstriction, which supports blood clotting rather than reducing coagulation. This effect can help control minor bleeding after surgery.

C. Decreased edema formation: Cold therapy causes vasoconstriction, which limits fluid accumulation in tissues and reduces capillary permeability, leading to less swelling and edema formation at the surgical site.

D. Improved blood flow: Cold causes vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow temporarily. This helps limit inflammation and edema but does not enhance circulation during application.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hyponatremia: Vomiting and diarrhea cause significant fluid loss, often leading to a decrease in sodium levels in the blood (hyponatremia) due to loss of electrolytes and dilution from fluid replacement or retained water.

B. Hyperkalemia: Vomiting and diarrhea usually cause potassium loss, resulting in hypokalemia rather than hyperkalemia, as potassium is lost through gastrointestinal fluids.

C. Hypocalcemia: Calcium levels are generally not directly affected by vomiting and diarrhea, so hypocalcemia is less likely in this scenario.

D. Hypermagnesemia: Magnesium is typically lost with gastrointestinal losses; therefore, hypermagnesemia is uncommon with vomiting and diarrhea.

A. The grounding pad is positioned near the client's surgical site. B. The client is positioned to minimize pressure on the skin. C. The client is covered with a cooling blanket during surgery. D. The client's surgical site is shaved with a razor.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The grounding pad is positioned near the client's surgical site: The grounding pad for electrosurgery should be placed on a large, well-vascularized muscle mass away from the surgical site to ensure proper dispersion of electrical current and prevent burns. Placing it near the site increases risk of injury.

B. The client is positioned to minimize pressure on the skin: Proper positioning during surgery helps prevent pressure ulcers and nerve injuries by reducing prolonged pressure on bony prominences and delicate tissues, supporting a safe and therapeutic environment.

C. The client is covered with a cooling blanket during surgery: Maintaining normothermia is critical; cooling blankets can cause hypothermia, which increases the risk of complications such as infection and coagulopathy. Warm blankets or forced-air warming devices are preferred.

D. The client's surgical site is shaved with a razor: Shaving with a razor can cause microabrasions that increase the risk of surgical site infections. Clipping hair with electric clippers is the recommended practice to reduce infection risk.

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A nurse is applying cold therapy to a client's face following oral surgery. The nurse should identify that which of the following is a therapeutic effect of cold therapy?

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