A nurse is assessing a child who has a congenital heart defect. The nurse should recognize that which of the following defects is associated with increased pulmonary blood flow?
Coarctation of the aorta
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tricuspid atresia
The Correct Answer is B
A. Coarctation of the aorta
Coarctation of the aorta involves a narrowing of the aorta, leading to decreased blood flow to the lower body. It is not associated with increased pulmonary blood flow.
B. Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect where the ductus arteriosus, a fetal blood vessel that usually closes shortly after birth, remains open. This allows blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery, increasing pulmonary blood flow. Therefore, option B is correct.
C. Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by four abnormalities, including a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding aorta. While it can lead to cyanosis due to right-to-left shunting, it is not primarily associated with increased pulmonary blood flow.
D. Tricuspid atresia
Tricuspid atresia involves the absence of the tricuspid valve, leading to a lack of direct blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. It usually presents with decreased pulmonary blood flow rather than increased pulmonary blood flow.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Administer packed red blood cells transfusion (PRBC):
While anemia may also be a concern in leukemia, the primary issue here is thrombocytopenia, not anemia. Administering packed red blood cells transfusion would address anemia, not the low platelet count.
B. Avoid taking rectal temperatures:
This is the correct option. Taking rectal temperatures carries the risk of causing bleeding or trauma, especially in individuals with thrombocytopenia. It is essential to avoid invasive procedures or activities that may increase the risk of bleeding in a patient with a low platelet count.
C. Place child in protective environment precautions:
Protective environment precautions, also known as reverse isolation, are typically implemented for patients who are immunocompromised to protect them from exposure to infectious agents. While patients with leukemia may be immunocompromised, the low platelet count is the primary concern here, not infection risk.
D. Swab the oral cavity with viscous lidocaine:
Swabbing the oral cavity with viscous lidocaine is not indicated for thrombocytopenia. Lidocaine may have local anesthetic properties but does not address the underlying issue of low platelet count.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Polyuria
Polyuria, or excessive urination, is not typically associated with intussusception. This symptom is more commonly seen in conditions affecting the kidneys or urinary tract.
B. Scaphoid abdomen
A scaphoid abdomen refers to a concave or hollowed appearance of the abdomen, which is not typically observed in intussusception. In intussusception, abdominal distension and tenderness are more common findings.
C. Gelatinous red stool
Gelatinous red stool, often described as "currant jelly" stool, is a classic manifestation of intussusception. It occurs due to the mixture of blood, mucus, and bowel contents.
D. Generalized edema
Generalized edema, or swelling throughout the body, is not a typical manifestation of intussusception. It is more commonly associated with conditions such as heart failure or kidney disease.
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