A nurse is assessing a child who is suspected of being physically abused by his father. Which of the following findings should the nurse report as possible indicators of abuse? (Select all that apply.)
The child has bruises on his knees and elbows.
The child has a spiral fracture of his left femur.
The child has a burn mark on his chest in the shape of a cigarette.
The child has a subdural hematoma with no history of head trauma.
The child has a bite mark on his shoulder that matches his own dental impression.
Correct Answer : B,C,D
Choice A Reason: Bruises on the knees and elbows are common in children who are active and fall frequently. They are not necessarily indicative of abuse, unless they are in various stages of healing or have a pattern that suggests intentional injury.
Choice B Reason: A spiral fracture is caused by twisting or rotating force, which is unlikely to occur accidentally in children. It is a common sign of physical abuse, especially when there is no plausible explanation for the injury.
Choice C Reason: A burn mark in the shape of a cigarette is a clear evidence of intentional harm. It indicates that the child was exposed to a hot object, such as a cigarette, by the abuser.
Choice D Reason: A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the brain and the skull, which can result from blunt force trauma to the head. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. If the child has no history of head trauma, such as a fall or an accident, it suggests that he was hit or shaken by the abuser.
Choice E Reason: A bite mark on the shoulder that matches the child's own dental impression is not indicative of abuse. It may be a result of self-injury, anxiety, or curiosity. However, if the bite mark matches someone else's dental impression, it should be reported as a sign of abuse.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This statement is true because the legal obligation of the nurse to report child abuse and neglect is based on federal and state laws that mandate certain professionals who work with children to report any Reasonable suspicion of maltreatment to the appropriate authorities and agencies. These laws vary by state, but they generally define who is required to report, what constitutes abuse or neglect, how to make a report, and what are the penalties for failing to report.
Choice B Reason: This statement is false because the ethical obligation of the nurse to report child abuse and neglect is based on professional codes of conduct that require nurses to uphold the principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, fidelity, veracity, advocacy, and accountability. These principles guide the moral decision-making and behavior of nurses in their practice.
Choice C Reason: This statement is false because the legal and ethical obligations of the nurse to report child abuse and neglect are consistent with the nursing standards of practice that state that nurses have a duty to protect the health, safety, and rights of their clients. These standards define the expectations and responsibilities of nurses in their practice.
Choice D Reason: This statement is false because the legal obligation of the nurse to report child abuse and neglect is not based on institutional policies and procedures that specify the steps and guidelines for reporting child abuse and neglect within the health care setting. These policies and procedures may vary by institution, but they should comply with the federal and state laws regarding reporting.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This statement is not appropriate because it implies that the child is responsible for his hygiene and appearance, which may make him feel ashamed or guilty. The nurse should avoid blaming or judging the child for his situation.
Choice B Reason: This statement is not appropriate because it may be too intrusive or threatening for the child, who may fear the consequences of disclosing his parents' neglect. The nurse should avoid asking direct or personal questions that may overwhelm or frighten the child.
Choice C Reason: This statement is not appropriate because it may be too vague or abstract for the child, who may not trust or understand the nurse's role. The nurse should avoid making promises or assumptions that may not be realistic or fulfilled.
Choice D Reason: This statement is appropriate because it shows interest and curiosity in the child's preferences and hobbies, which may help him feel valued and respected. The nurse should use open-ended questions and positive comments to engage the child in conversation and build trust.
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