A nurse is assessing a client who has meningitis and notes when passively flexing the client's neck there is an involuntary flexion of both legs. Which of the following conditions is the client displaying?
Bradykinesia
Kernig's sign
Nuchal rigidity
Brudzinski's sign
The Correct Answer is D
A. Bradykinesia: Bradykinesia refers to slowness of movement and is commonly associated with Parkinson's disease. It is not typically assessed through neck flexion in the context of meningitis.
B. Kernig's sign: Kernig's sign is assessed by flexing the patient's hip and knee and then attempting to extend the knee. Resistance or pain during knee extension suggests meningeal irritation, but it does not involve the involuntary flexion of the legs.
C. Nuchal rigidity: Nuchal rigidity refers to stiffness and pain in the neck and inability to flex the neck forward due to inflammation of the meninges. While it is related to meningitis, it does not involve involuntary flexion of the legs.
D. Brudzinski's sign: Brudzinski's sign is a physical exam finding where passive flexion of the neck results in involuntary flexion of the hips and knees. It is a classic sign of meningeal irritation, often seen in meningitis.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The patient reports chronic severe back pain: Chronic severe back pain may indicate underlying spinal issues but does not necessarily require immediate action compared to acute symptoms such as new-onset weakness of both legs.
B. The patient expresses anxiety about having surgery: While addressing the patient's anxiety is important for providing holistic care, it is not the most immediate concern compared to new- onset weakness of both legs, which may indicate spinal cord compression requiring urgent
intervention.
C. The patient has new-onset weakness of both legs: New-onset weakness of both legs suggests potential spinal cord compression or neurological deficit requiring immediate evaluation and intervention to prevent further neurological damage or complications.
D. The patient starts to cry and says, "I feel hopeless": While addressing the patient's emotional needs is important, it is not the most immediate concern compared to addressing acute neurological symptoms such as new-onset weakness of both legs.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Call the health care provider if stools are tarry: This instruction is more relevant to medications such as aspirin or NSAIDs, which can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Clopidogrel, while also an antiplatelet medication, is less likely to cause gastrointestinal bleeding compared to aspirin.
B. Clopidogrel will reduce cerebral artery plaque formation: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet
medication that inhibits platelet aggregation, thereby reducing the formation of blood clots and potentially slowing the progression of atherosclerosis by preventing further plaque formation.
C. Clopidogrel will dissolve clots in the cerebral arteries: While clopidogrel can help prevent the formation of new clots, it does not actively dissolve existing clots in the cerebral arteries. Its primary mechanism of action is to inhibit platelet aggregation and prevent clot formation.
D. Monitor and record the blood pressure daily: While monitoring blood pressure is important for managing cerebral atherosclerosis and reducing the risk of stroke, it is not directly related to the action of clopidogrel. Blood pressure management may involve lifestyle modifications and other medications but is not specific to clopidogrel administration.
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