A nurse is assessing a client who has received oxycodone. The nurse notes that the client's respiratory rate is 8/min. The nurse should identify that which of the following is the pathophysiology for the client's respiratory rate?

Oxycodone inhibits prostaglandin synthesis.

Oxycodone promotes vasodilation of cranial arteries.

Oxycodone blocks the sodium channel suspending nerve conduction.

Oxycodone causes central nervous system depression.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

D) Oxycodone causes central nervous system depression: Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic that acts centrally on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. One of the most significant side effects of opioids like oxycodone is respiratory depression, which occurs due to the suppression of the CNS, particularly in the brainstem respiratory centers. The brainstem regulates respiratory rate and rhythm, and when opioids depress these centers, it can lead to decreased respiratory drive, resulting in a decrease in respiratory rate. A respiratory rate of 8/min is significantly below the normal range, indicating respiratory depression caused by oxycodone.

A) Oxycodone inhibits prostaglandin synthesis: Oxycodone does not directly inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds with various physiological effects, including inflammation and pain modulation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes. However, oxycodone primarily acts on opioid receptors in the CNS to relieve pain, rather than through prostaglandin inhibition.

B) Oxycodone promotes vasodilation of cranial arteries: While opioids can cause peripheral vasodilation, particularly in large doses, the primary mechanism of action of oxycodone is not through the promotion of vasodilation of cranial arteries. Vasodilation may occur as a side effect of opioid use, but it is not the primary cause of respiratory depression associated with oxycodone.

C) Oxycodone blocks the sodium channel suspending nerve conduction: This statement describes the mechanism of action of local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, which block sodium channels to inhibit nerve conduction. However, oxycodone is not a sodium channel blocker. Its analgesic effects result from binding to opioid receptors in the CNS, particularly mu-opioid receptors, rather than blocking sodium channels. Therefore, this option is not the pathophysiology for the respiratory rate of 8/min observed in the client receiving oxycodone.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) The client has an increased creatinine level: While an increased creatinine level may indicate renal impairment, it is not specific to a vancomycin infusion reaction. Elevated creatinine levels may occur due to various factors, including underlying kidney disease or dehydration.

B) The client is experiencing hypotension: This is the correct answer. Hypotension, or low blood pressure, can be a manifestation of a vancomycin infusion reaction. Vancomycin infusion reactions may include anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reactions, which can lead to systemic vasodilation and subsequent hypotension.

C) The client's IV site is red and edematous: Redness ’nd edema at the IV site may indicate phlebitis or infiltration, which are local complications rather than systemic reactions to vancomycin infusion.

D) The client reports ringing in their ears: Ringing in the ears, also known as tinnitus, is a potential side effect of vancomycin, particularly with high doses or prolonged use. However, it is not specific to a vancomycin infusion reaction and may occur independently of the infusion process.

A. "The TPN will stimulate your appetite so that you'll be able to eat more food." B. "The TPN contains medication that will help your digestive tract absorb nutrients." C. "The TPN will provide nutrients while your bowels have time to rest." D. "The TPN will help keep your bowels clear in case you need surgery."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C) "The TPN will provide nutrients while your bowels have time to rest": Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a method of providing nutrition intravenously to clients who are unable to tolerate or absorb adequate nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract. It bypasses the digestive tract entirely, delivering a balanced mixture of nutrients directly into the bloodstream. One of the primary indications for TPN is to provide nutritional support while allowing the gastrointestinal tract to rest, particularly in cases where the bowels are inflamed, injured, or unable to function properly. By bypassing the digestive system, TPN can provide essential nutrients to the body while reducing the workload on the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the nurse should include this information in the teaching to help the client understand the purpose and benefits of TPN therapy.

A) "The TPN will stimulate your appetite so that you'll be able to eat more food": TPN does not stimulate appetite. In fact, TPN is often used when the client cannot eat or tolerate oral intake due to various medical conditions or gastrointestinal issues. Therefore, this statement is incorrect and may confuse the client about the purpose of TPN therapy.

B) "The TPN contains medication that will help your digestive tract absorb nutrients": TPN does not contain medication to help the digestive tract absorb nutrients. Instead, TPN provides nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the need for digestion. This statement is inaccurate and does not accurately describe the mechanism of action of TPN.

D) "The TPN will help keep your bowels clear in case you need surgery": While TPN can help maintain nutritional status in clients who are unable to eat or tolerate oral intake, it is not primarily used to keep the bowels clear for surgery. Bowel preparation for surgery typically involves other interventions such as bowel rest, mechanical cleansing, or medication administration. Therefore, this statement is not directly related to the purpose of TPN therapy and may mislead the client about its intended use.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has received oxycodone. The nurse notes that the client's respiratory rate is 8/min. The nurse should identify that which of the following is the pathophysiology for the client's respiratory rate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving vancomycin by IV infusion over 30 min. Which of the following findings indicate the clien experiencing a vancomycin infusion reaction?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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