A nurse is providing education to a client about the etiology of acute renal failure. Which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of the condition?
"Acute renal failure is usually caused by long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)."
"The primary cause of acute renal failure is chronic kidney disease that progresses over many years."
"The condition occurs suddenly due to a sudden decrease in blood flow to the kidneys or kidney injury."
"Acute renal failure is always caused by urinary tract infections (UTIs) and kidney stones."
The Correct Answer is C
A. Incorrect. While long-term use of NSAIDs can contribute to kidney damage and chronic kidney disease, it is not the primary cause of acute renal failure.
B. Incorrect. Acute renal failure is a sudden and abrupt loss of kidney function, and it is distinct from chronic kidney disease, which develops gradually over time.
C. Correct. Acute renal failure is characterized by a rapid and sudden decline in kidney function, often caused by a sudden decrease in blood flow to the kidneys (prerenal), kidney injury (intrinsiC. , or obstruction of the urinary tract (postrenal).
D. Incorrect. While UTIs and kidney stones can cause kidney injury, they are not the exclusive causes of acute renal failure, which can have various underlying etiologies.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Decreased blood volume and hypovolemia may contribute to prerenal acute renal failure, but they are not the primary pathophysiological processes that lead to edema in acute renal failure.
B. Incorrect. Increased vascular permeability and leakage of fluid into tissues are not the primary mechanisms of edema in acute renal failure.
C. Correct. In acute renal failure, the impaired filtration and reduced excretion of fluid by the kidneys lead to fluid retention and edema in various parts of the body.
D. Incorrect. Excessive fluid intake and fluid overload may contribute to fluid retention and edema in prerenal acute renal failure, but they are not the primary pathophysiological process in acute renal failure.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Hypovolemia is associated with prerenal acute renal failure, not intrinsic acute renal failure.
B. Correct. Glomerulonephritis is one of the common causes of intrinsic acute renal failure. It is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, which can lead to kidney damage and impaired function.
C. Incorrect. Prostate enlargement is associated with postrenal acute renal failure due to urinary tract obstruction, not intrinsic causes.
D. Incorrect. Urinary tract obstruction is also associated with postrenal acute renal failure, not intrinsic causes.
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