A nurse is providing education to a client about the etiology of acute renal failure. Which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of the condition?
"Acute renal failure is usually caused by long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)."
"The primary cause of acute renal failure is chronic kidney disease that progresses over many years."
"The condition occurs suddenly due to a sudden decrease in blood flow to the kidneys or kidney injury."
"Acute renal failure is always caused by urinary tract infections (UTIs) and kidney stones."
The Correct Answer is C
A. Incorrect. While long-term use of NSAIDs can contribute to kidney damage and chronic kidney disease, it is not the primary cause of acute renal failure.
B. Incorrect. Acute renal failure is a sudden and abrupt loss of kidney function, and it is distinct from chronic kidney disease, which develops gradually over time.
C. Correct. Acute renal failure is characterized by a rapid and sudden decline in kidney function, often caused by a sudden decrease in blood flow to the kidneys (prerenal), kidney injury (intrinsiC. , or obstruction of the urinary tract (postrenal).
D. Incorrect. While UTIs and kidney stones can cause kidney injury, they are not the exclusive causes of acute renal failure, which can have various underlying etiologies.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Increased urine output and polyuria are not associated with uremia. In fact, acute renal failure often leads to decreased urine output (oliguria or anuriA. .
B. Incorrect. Hypertension and bradycardia are not typical manifestations of uremia.
C. Correct. Uremia is a condition characterized by the buildup of waste products and toxins in the blood due to impaired kidney function. Clinical manifestations of uremia include confusion (encephalopathy), nausea and vomiting, and pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart).
D. Incorrect. Decreased respiratory rate and shallow breathing are not directly associated with uremia.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Increasing the rate of dialysis may further lower the client's blood pressure and worsen the situation.
B. Incorrect. Administering an antihypertensive medication during a hypotensive episode could exacerbate the client's low blood pressure.
C. Correct. The nurse's priority action is to stop the dialysis procedure immediately and notify the healthcare provider of the significant drop in blood pressure. The client may be experiencing a hypotensive episode, which requires prompt evaluation and intervention.
D. Incorrect. Increasing the client's
fluid intake is not appropriate during a hypotensive episode, as it may not rapidly improve blood pressure and could lead to fluid overload.
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