A nurse is assessing a client with suspected renal calculi. The client reports experiencing sudden and severe pain in the right flank area that radiates to the groin. The nurse notes that the client is restless and unable to find a comfortable position. What type of renal calculi is most likely causing the client's symptoms?

Calcium oxalate stones

Uric acid stones

Struvite stones

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Calcium oxalate stones may cause pain, but they do not typically radiate to the groin. They are more likely to cause localized pain in the back or side.

B. This is the correct answer. Uric acid stones can cause sudden and severe pain that radiates from the back to the groin. The pain is often described as colicky and is associated with restlessness.

C. Struvite stones are typically associated with urinary tract infections and may not cause the sudden and severe pain described in the question.

D. Cystine stones are rare and are more likely to cause chronic, dull pain rather than sudden and severe pain.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Limiting fluid intake is not recommended to prevent kidney stones. Adequate hydration is essential to prevent stone formation. Dehydration can lead to a higher concentration of minerals in the urine, increasing the risk of stones.

B. Including more foods high in oxalate is not recommended to prevent kidney stones, especially if the client has a history of calcium oxalate stones. Limiting the intake of oxalate-rich foods is a preventive measure.

C. Avoiding all dairy products is not recommended to prevent kidney stones. In fact, adequate dietary calcium intake from food sources may help reduce the risk of certain types of stones, such as calcium oxalate stones.

D. This is the correct answer. Staying hydrated and drinking plenty of water throughout the day is one of the most effective ways to prevent kidney stones. Adequate hydration helps dilute urine and reduce the concentration of minerals that can lead to stone formation.

Questions

A. "There is nothing you can do to prevent kidney stones if you have a family history." B. "You can prevent kidney stones by avoiding all calcium-rich foods and beverages." C. "Maintaining a healthy weight and drinking plenty of water can help reduce the risk of kidney stones." D. "If you develop kidney stones, surgery is the only effective treatment option."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This is not entirely accurate. While family history can be a risk factor for kidney stones, there are still preventive measures that individuals can take to reduce their risk.

B. Avoiding all calcium-rich foods and beverages is not recommended for preventing kidney stones. In fact, adequate dietary calcium from food sources is generally beneficial for kidney health and may help reduce the risk of certain types of stones.

C. This is the correct answer. Maintaining a healthy weight and drinking plenty of water are important lifestyle factors that can help reduce the risk of kidney stones. Adequate hydration helps prevent the concentration of minerals in the urine, reducing the likelihood of stone formation.

D. Surgery is not the only treatment option for kidney stones. Depending on the size and type of stone, other treatment options, such as lithotripsy or medication, may be considered.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with a history of kidney stones asks the nurse, "What can I do to prevent future kidney stones?" What is the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to a client who has a family history of kidney stones. The client asks, "Can I do anything to prevent getting kidney stones?" What is the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones asks the nurse, "What dietary modifications can I make to reduce the risk of stone recurrence?" What is the nurse's best response?

A client with renal calculus is scheduled for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). What information should the nurse provide to the client about this procedure?

A nurse is providing postoperative care instructions to a client who underwent ureteroscopy for the removal of a kidney stone. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

A client is diagnosed with a large kidney stone that is not passing spontaneously. The nurse should anticipate that which procedure may be recommended to remove the stone?

A client with renal calculus presents to the clinic with severe pain. The nurse notes that the client is restless, pacing, and unable to find a comfortable position. Which additional symptom is the client most likely to report?

A nurse is assessing a client with suspected renal calculus. Which of the following symptoms may accompany kidney stone pain if the stone causes obstruction in the urinary tract?

A nurse is providing discharge education to a client who had a calcium oxalate stone. Which dietary modification should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?