A nurse is assessing a client with suspected renal calculi. The client reports experiencing sudden and severe pain in the right flank area that radiates to the groin. The nurse notes that the client is restless and unable to find a comfortable position. What type of renal calculi is most likely causing the client's symptoms?

Calcium oxalate stones

Uric acid stones

Struvite stones

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Calcium oxalate stones may cause pain, but they do not typically radiate to the groin. They are more likely to cause localized pain in the back or side.

B. This is the correct answer. Uric acid stones can cause sudden and severe pain that radiates from the back to the groin. The pain is often described as colicky and is associated with restlessness.

C. Struvite stones are typically associated with urinary tract infections and may not cause the sudden and severe pain described in the question.

D. Cystine stones are rare and are more likely to cause chronic, dull pain rather than sudden and severe pain.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) does not typically require general anesthesia. It is usually done under sedation or with the use of local anesthesia.

B. The procedure does not involve the insertion of a scope into the urinary tract. ESWL is a non-invasive procedure that uses shock waves to break up the stone from outside the body.

C. This is the correct answer. ESWL involves the use of high-energy shock waves that are focused on the stone to break it up into smaller fragments. The fragments are then passed out of the body through the urine.

D. A urinary catheter is not typically required after ESWL. The client may be encouraged to drink plenty of fluids to help flush out the stone fragments, but a catheter is not usually needed.

Questions

A. "Limiting fluid intake will help reduce your risk of developing kidney stones." B. "Increasing your intake of calcium-rich foods can prevent kidney stone formation." C. "Avoiding all fruits and vegetables can help prevent kidney stones." D. "Maintaining adequate fluid intake is essential to prevent kidney stones."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This statement is not correct. Adequate fluid intake is essential to help prevent kidney stones. Restricting fluid intake can increase the concentration of minerals in the urine and promote stone formation.

B. This statement is not correct. While calcium oxalate stones are common, reducing calcium intake is not recommended for most people. In fact, a low-calcium diet may increase the risk of other types of kidney stones.

C. This statement is not correct. Fruits and vegetables contain valuable nutrients and should not be avoided. However, some fruits and vegetables are high in oxalate, which may contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones. The key is to consume a balanced diet and drink plenty of fluids.

D. This is the correct answer. Adequate fluid intake is crucial in preventing kidney stones. It helps dilute the urine and reduce the concentration of minerals that can lead to stone formation.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with renal calculus is scheduled for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). What information should the nurse provide to the client about this procedure?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client asks the nurse, "How can I prevent the formation of kidney stones?" Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client is prescribed alpha-blockers as part of the management of renal calculi. The nurse explains that these medications can help with stone passage by:

A nurse is providing education to a client about renal calculi. The client asks, "What are renal calculi?" What is the nurse's best response?

A client is scheduled to undergo extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the treatment of kidney stones. What should the nurse include in the preoperative education for the client?

A client with a small renal calculus is advised by the nurse to increase fluid intake. The client asks, "Why is this important?" Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

A nurse is caring for a client who had a kidney stone removed through ureteroscopy. The nurse should closely monitor the client for which potential complication?

A nurse is assessing a client with suspected renal calculus. Which of the following symptoms may accompany kidney stone pain if the stone causes obstruction in the urinary tract?

A nurse is assessing a client with suspected renal calculus. Which of the following symptoms is most indicative of kidney stone pain?

A client comes to the emergency room complaining of sudden, excruciating pain in the lower back and side. The nurse suspects renal calculus. Which term best describes this type of pain?