A nurse is assessing a client with suspected renal calculi. The client reports experiencing sudden and severe pain in the right flank area that radiates to the groin. The nurse notes that the client is restless and unable to find a comfortable position. What type of renal calculi is most likely causing the client's symptoms?
Calcium oxalate stones
Uric acid stones
Struvite stones
C
The Correct Answer is B
A. Calcium oxalate stones may cause pain, but they do not typically radiate to the groin. They are more likely to cause localized pain in the back or side.
B. This is the correct answer. Uric acid stones can cause sudden and severe pain that radiates from the back to the groin. The pain is often described as colicky and is associated with restlessness.
C. Struvite stones are typically associated with urinary tract infections and may not cause the sudden and severe pain described in the question.
D. Cystine stones are rare and are more likely to cause chronic, dull pain rather than sudden and severe pain.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Diarrhea and abdominal cramping are not typically associated with kidney stone pain. These symptoms are more commonly seen in gastrointestinal disorders.
B. Painful and frequent urination may occur if the stone causes irritation in the bladder or urethra, but it is not a direct symptom of kidney stone pain.
C. Fatigue and generalized weakness are not specific symptoms of kidney stone pain. They may be associated with other medical conditions but are not directly related to renal calculus.
D. This is the correct answer. Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms that may accompany kidney stone pain, especially if the stone causes obstruction in the urinary tract. The pain and irritation can trigger a reflex that leads to nausea and vomiting.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Allopurinol does not directly increase urine output. It is not a diuretic and is not used for that purpose.
B. Allopurinol does not dissolve existing kidney stones. It is primarily used to prevent the formation of uric acid stones, not to treat existing stones.
C. This is the correct answer. Allopurinol is a medication used to reduce the production of uric acid in the body. By lowering uric acid levels, it can help prevent the formation of uric acid stones.
D. Allopurinol does not increase the excretion of calcium. It is used specifically to address uric acid levels and prevent uric acid stone formation.
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