A nurse is assessing a client with suspected renal calculi. The client reports experiencing sudden and severe pain in the right flank area that radiates to the groin. The nurse notes that the client is restless and unable to find a comfortable position. What type of renal calculi is most likely causing the client's symptoms?

Calcium oxalate stones

Uric acid stones

Struvite stones

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Calcium oxalate stones may cause pain, but they do not typically radiate to the groin. They are more likely to cause localized pain in the back or side.

B. This is the correct answer. Uric acid stones can cause sudden and severe pain that radiates from the back to the groin. The pain is often described as colicky and is associated with restlessness.

C. Struvite stones are typically associated with urinary tract infections and may not cause the sudden and severe pain described in the question.

D. Cystine stones are rare and are more likely to cause chronic, dull pain rather than sudden and severe pain.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This statement is not correct. Limiting calcium intake is not recommended for preventing calcium oxalate stones. In fact, adequate dietary calcium can help reduce the risk of stone formation.

B. This statement is not correct. Foods high in oxalate, such as spinach and nuts, should be limited to prevent calcium oxalate stones.

C. This statement is not correct. Fruits and vegetables are essential for overall health and should not be avoided. However, some fruits and vegetables are high in oxalate, which may contribute to calcium oxalate stone formation.

D. This is the correct answer. Reducing sodium intake can be beneficial for kidney health, as high sodium intake can increase calcium excretion in the urine and promote stone formation. Additionally, processed foods may contain high levels of sodium and should be limited.

A. Increasing the excretion of uric acid B. Reducing the excretion of calcium in the urine C. Increasing the pH of the urine D. Dissolving existing kidney stones

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Thiazide diuretics do not directly increase the excretion of uric acid. They are primarily used to reduce calcium excretion and prevent the formation of calcium-based stones.

B. This is the correct answer. Thiazide diuretics help reduce the excretion of calcium in the urine, which can be beneficial in preventing the formation of certain types of kidney stones, particularly calcium oxalate stones.

C. Thiazide diuretics do not directly increase the pH of the urine. They primarily reduce calcium excretion.

D. Thiazide diuretics do not dissolve existing kidney stones. They are used to prevent stone formation, not to treat existing stones.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing discharge education to a client who had a calcium oxalate stone. Which dietary modification should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client with a history of kidney stones is prescribed thiazide diuretics. The nurse should recognize that these medications help prevent stone formation by:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with a history of recurrent kidney stones. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the client's discharge teaching to help prevent stone formation?

A client with a history of kidney stones asks the nurse, "What can I do to prevent future kidney stones?" What is the nurse's best response?

A client with a small renal calculus is advised by the nurse to increase fluid intake. The client asks, "Why is this important?" Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

A client with a history of calcium oxalate stones asks the nurse, "Can I continue taking vitamin C supplements?" Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

A client with a history of renal calculus is prescribed potassium citrate. Which of the following is the primary purpose of this medication?

A client has been diagnosed with uric acid stones. The nurse should recommend dietary modifications that include:

A client is diagnosed with a large kidney stone that is not passing spontaneously. The nurse should anticipate that which procedure may be recommended to remove the stone?

A nurse is assessing a client with suspected renal calculus. Which of the following symptoms is most indicative of kidney stone pain?