A client with renal calculus presents to the clinic with severe pain. The nurse notes that the client is restless, pacing, and unable to find a comfortable position. Which additional symptom is the client most likely to report?

A. This statement is not correct. Adequate fluid intake is essential in preventing kidney stones. Reducing fluid intake can increase the concentration of minerals in the urine and promote stone formation.

B. This statement is not correct. A high-protein diet can contribute to the formation of certain types of kidney stones, such as uric acid stones. It is not recommended as a preventive measure.

C. This statement is not correct. Dairy products are an important source of calcium, which is needed for overall health. However, individuals with calcium oxalate stones may need to limit high-oxalate foods in their diet.

D. This is the correct answer. Adequate fluid intake helps dilute urine and reduces the concentration of minerals that can lead to stone formation.

A. Fever and chills are more commonly associated with a urinary tract infection, which can sometimes be a complication of kidney stones. However, the severe pain described is more likely related to the presence of the stone itself.

B. This is the correct answer. Blood in the urine, also known as hematuria, is a common symptom of kidney stones. As the stone moves through the urinary tract, it may cause irritation and small blood vessels may be damaged, resulting in blood in the urine.

C. Difficulty starting the urine stream is not a specific symptom of kidney stones. It may be seen in other urinary conditions but is not typically associated with stones.

D. The frequent urge to urinate may be experienced if the stone causes irritation in the bladder, but it is not the most common symptom associated with kidney stones.