A nurse is assessing a patient for early manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which of the following changes is an early manifestation of RA?

Choice A rationale

Pediculosis refers to an infestation of lice, which typically presents with intense itching and the presence of nits (lice eggs) attached to hair shafts. While there may be redness and irritation from scratching, oozing lesions are not a primary characteristic of pediculosis.

Choice B rationale

Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition caused by direct contact with an allergen or irritant. It often manifests as pruritus (itching), redness (erythema), and oozing lesions (vesiculation and weeping) at the site of contact. The client's report of pruritus and reddened, oozing lesions on her lower leg is consistent with contact dermatitis.

Choice C rationale

Alopecia refers to hair loss, which can be localized or widespread. It does not typically involve pruritus or oozing lesions on the skin.

Choice D rationale

Tinea pedis, also known as athlete's foot, is a fungal infection of the feet. It commonly presents with scaling, itching, redness, and sometimes blistering, but oozing lesions are less typical unless there is a secondary bacterial infection. The location on the lower leg is also less common for tinea pedis, which primarily affects the feet. .

Choice A rationale

Stretching exercises primarily improve flexibility and range of motion by elongating muscles and connective tissues. While beneficial for overall fitness, they do not directly address bone density loss, which is the primary concern in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis requires weight-bearing activities to stimulate bone formation.

Choice B rationale

Riding a bicycle is a low-impact aerobic exercise that improves cardiovascular health and muscle strength. However, because it is non-weight-bearing, it does not provide the mechanical stress necessary to promote bone density and is therefore not the most effective exercise for osteoporosis management.

Choice C rationale

High-impact aerobics, such as jumping and running, can increase the risk of fractures in individuals with osteoporosis due to the stress placed on weakened bones. These types of exercises should generally be avoided to prevent injury.

Choice D rationale

Walking briskly is a weight-bearing exercise that applies moderate stress to the bones, stimulating osteoblast activity and promoting bone density. Regular brisk walking can help slow bone loss and reduce the risk of fractures in older adults with osteoporosis.