A nurse is assessing a patient on the medical floor who is being treated for pneumonia and reports sudden shortness of breath. An arterial blood gas (ABG) is drawn. The ABG has the following values: pH 7.21, PaCO2 64 mm Hg, HCO3 24 mm Hg. Which condition does the ABG reflect?
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
The Correct Answer is A
A. Respiratory acidosis is indicated by a low pH (< 7.35) and elevated PaCO₂ (> 45 mm Hg), which fits this ABG profile: pH 7.21 (acidic), PaCO₂ 64 mm Hg (elevated), HCO₃ normal — confirming an uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
B. Metabolic alkalosis would present with a high pH and elevated HCO₃, which is not the case here.
C. Respiratory alkalosis involves high pH and low PaCO₂, the opposite of this patient's values.
D. Metabolic acidosis presents with low pH and low HCO₃, but the bicarbonate here is normal (24 mm Hg), ruling this out.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Calcium levels are often decreased in acute pancreatitis due to fat necrosis and calcium binding within the inflamed pancreas.
B. RBC count is not typically elevated in pancreatitis and is not a key diagnostic indicator.
C. Magnesium may be normal or decreased, but it is not a hallmark finding in pancreatitis.
D. Amylase is a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas, and its levels rise significantly during acute pancreatitis, making it a primary diagnostic marker.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Diuretics are used to manage fluid overload and ascites, not ammonia levels.
B. Fluid restriction may be necessary in cases of hyponatremia but does not lower ammonia levels.
C. Reducing protein intake helps decrease ammonia production, since protein breakdown in the gut contributes to ammonia formation, which the impaired liver cannot detoxify effectively.
D. Vitamin K is given to improve clotting in liver disease but does not affect ammonia metabolism.
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