A nurse is caring for a client with liver failure and is performing an assessment of the client's increased risk of bleeding. The nurse recognizes that this risk is related to the client's inability to synthesize prothrombin in the liver. What factor most likely contributes to this loss of function?

Alterations in glucose metabolism

Retention of bile salts

Inadequate production of albumin by hepatocytes

Inability of the liver to use vitamin K

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Alterations in glucose metabolism are common in liver disease but are not directly linked to impaired clotting factor production.
B. Retention of bile salts causes symptoms like pruritus and jaundice, not bleeding due to prothrombin deficiency.
C. Inadequate albumin production contributes to fluid shifts and edema, not directly to impaired clotting.
D. The liver requires vitamin K to synthesize clotting factors, including prothrombin. In liver failure, impaired vitamin K utilization leads to decreased prothrombin production and increased bleeding risk.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While obesity and a high-fat diet increase risks for gallstones, they are less directly associated with chronic pancreatitis.
B. Weekend binge drinking can cause acute pancreatitis but is less likely to lead to chronic pancreatitis compared to sustained alcohol abuse.
C. Chronic alcoholism is the leading cause of chronic pancreatitis due to repeated pancreatic inflammation and damage.
D. Smoking is a risk factor that can worsen pancreatitis but alone is less significant than chronic alcohol use.

Correct Answer is ["3.75"]

Explanation

Step 1: Calculate the infusion rate per hour:
1000 mL ÷ 10 hours = 100 mL/hour

Step 2: Calculate time to infuse remaining 375 mL:
375 mL ÷ 100 mL/hour = 3.75 hours

Step 3: Convert 0.75 hour to minutes:
0.75 × 60 = 45 minutes

Final answer: 3 hours and 45 minutes

Rationale:
The infusion rate is constant. Time remaining = remaining volume ÷ rate. Convert decimal hours to minutes for precise documentation.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse who provides care in a community clinic assesses a wide range of individuals. The nurse should identify which client as having the highest risk for chronic pancreatitis?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The physician orders 1000 mL D5W to infuse over 10 hours. There is 375 mL left in the bag. How many hours and minutes will it be before the bag is empty?

Correct Answer is ["3.75"]

Explanation

It is the end of your 12-hour shift. The patient consumed: 1 cup of coffee, one 3-oz cup of juice, 240 ml of milk, 210 ml of milkshake, 12 ounces of tea, 3 oz of Jello, one 12 oz cola, and 150 ml of water with meds. What is the patient's 12-hour oral intake you will document in ml?

An occupational health nurse is screening a group of workers for diabetes. What statement should the nurse interpret as being suggestive of diabetes?

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A nurse is caring for a client with pancreatic cancer who has been scheduled for a pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure). During health education, the client should be informed that this procedure will involve the removal of which of the following? Select all that apply.

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The nurse providing care for a client with Cushing syndrome has identified the nursing diagnosis of risk for injury related to weakness. How should the nurse best reduce this risk?

A client's most recent laboratory results show a slight decrease in potassium. The health care provider has opted to forgo drug therapy but has suggested increasing the client's dietary intake of potassium. What should the nurse recommend?