A nurse is assessing a toddler who has a history of lead poisoning.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Choice A rationale

Limiting a child’s fluid intake is not recommended for managing encopresis. Adequate hydration is important for preventing constipation, which is often associated with encopresis.

Choice B rationale

Increasing a child’s dairy intake is not typically recommended for managing encopresis. Some dairy products can contribute to constipation in some children.

Choice C rationale

Having a child sit on the toilet for 20 minutes at a time is not typically recommended. Prolonged sitting on the toilet can cause discomfort and create a negative association with bowel movements.

Choice D rationale

Having a child try to defecate 15 minutes after each meal is a common recommendation for managing encopresis. This takes advantage of the natural increase in colon activity following meals.

Choice A rationale

Regular tuberculosis testing is recommended for children with HIV as they have a higher risk of developing tuberculosis due to their weakened immune system.

Choice B rationale

Doubling the child’s medications for the next 6 months is not a standard practice in HIV treatment. The dosage and regimen of antiretroviral therapy are carefully determined by healthcare providers based on the child’s specific needs and condition.

Choice C rationale

The risk of HIV transmission does not decrease after 2 weeks of zidovudine treatment. Antiretroviral therapy can reduce the viral load to undetectable levels, significantly reducing the risk of transmission, but this usually takes longer than 2 weeks to achieve.

Choice D rationale

Children with HIV do not need to repeat their childhood immunizations once they are in remission. The standard immunization schedule is generally followed for children with HIV, with some additional vaccines recommended due to their increased risk of certain infections.