A nurse is assessing a toddler who has suspected lead poisoning. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect the client to manifest with acute lead poisoning?

A. Imaginary playmates:

Toddlers typically do not engage in activities involving imaginary playmates. This behavior is more common in preschool-aged children.

B. Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt:

Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt occurs during the preschool years, typically around ages 3 to 5. It involves children developing a sense of initiative to take on new tasks and challenges, balanced with feelings of guilt if they are overly criticized or restricted.

C. Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy:

This is the correct answer. Toddlers are in Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt. During this stage, which typically occurs between the ages of 1 and 3, toddlers strive to gain independence and autonomy. They may exhibit negative behaviors, such as temper tantrums or defiance, as they assert their independence and explore their environment.

D. Demonstrations of sexual curiosity:

Demonstrations of sexual curiosity typically emerge later in childhood, around the preschool years or later. Toddlers are not typically focused on sexual curiosity during this stage of development.

A. "You have a great deal to live for."

While this response is supportive and positive, it may not effectively address the client's feelings of worthlessness. It may come across as dismissive or invalidating of the client's emotions.

B. "It's not unusual for depressed people to feel that way."

This response acknowledges the commonality of feeling worthless among individuals with depression. While it normalizes the client's experience, it doesn't directly address the client's statement or offer support.

C. "You've been feeling that your life has no meaning."

This response reflects active listening and demonstrates empathy by paraphrasing the client's statement to show understanding. It acknowledges the client's feelings and opens the door for further exploration of the underlying issues contributing to their sense of worthlessness.

D. "Why do you feel you are worthless?"

While this response seeks to explore the underlying reasons for the client's feelings, it may come across as confrontational or judgmental. It puts the client on the spot to justify their emotions, which could make them feel defensive or invalidated.