A nurse has accepted a position on a pediatric unit and is learning about psychosocial development. Place Erikson's stages of psychosocial development in order from birth to adolescence. (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order of performance. Use all the steps.)

A. Playing a game of chess with the client: While engaging in activities with the client can be therapeutic, it's essential to consider the client's preferences and level of interest. Some clients with severe depression may not have the motivation or energy to participate in activities like playing chess. Additionally, the focus should be on providing support and empathy rather than suggesting specific activities.

B. Giving the client choices of activities: Offering choices of activities can empower the client and promote autonomy, which is beneficial. However, individuals with severe depression may struggle with decision-making and may feel overwhelmed by choices. Therefore, while offering choices can be therapeutic, it's essential to provide support and guidance in decision-making if needed.

C. Encouraging decision-making: Encouraging decision-making can be beneficial for clients with depression as it promotes a sense of control and self-efficacy. However, individuals with severe depression may find decision-making challenging due to feelings of hopelessness or low energy levels. Therefore, while encouraging decision-making, it's essential to provide support and assistance as needed.

D. Spending time sitting with the client: This is the most therapeutic approach listed. Spending time with the client provides emotional support, companionship, and a nonjudgmental presence, which can be invaluable for someone experiencing severe depression. Simply being present and available to listen without pressure to talk or engage in activities can convey empathy and understanding, fostering a therapeutic nurse-client relationship.

A. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD): While individuals with SAD experience depressive symptoms that tend to occur seasonally, typically in the winter months, the severity of symptoms is generally less severe compared to MDD. While suicide risk can still be present in individuals with SAD, it is usually lower compared to those with MDD.

B. Persistent depressive disorder (PDD): Persistent depressive disorder, formerly known as dysthymia, is characterized by chronic depressive symptoms that are less severe than those seen in MDD. While individuals with PDD may experience prolonged feelings of sadness and hopelessness, their symptoms may not reach the severity seen in MDD. Therefore, the risk of suicide may be lower in individuals with PDD compared to those with MDD.

C. Major depressive disorder (MDD): Major depressive disorder is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness, along with a loss of interest or pleasure in activities. Individuals with MDD are at significant risk of suicide, especially if their depressive symptoms are severe. The presence of traction may exacerbate feelings of hopelessness or helplessness in individuals with MDD, further increasing the risk of suicide.

D. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): PMDD is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) characterized by significant mood disturbances and other symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. While PMDD can cause distressing symptoms, including depressive mood, irritability, and anxiety, it is typically limited to the premenstrual period and does not carry the same chronicity or severity as MDD. Therefore, the risk of suicide may be lower in individuals with PMDD compared to those with MDD.