A nurse is assessing an older adult client who has experienced some loss of bone density. The nurse observes a "hunchback" curvature of the client's spine. The nurse should expect the provider to document which of the following disorders?

Ankylosis

Scoliosis

Lordosis

Kyphosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Ankylosis refers to the fusion of bones in a joint, leading to stiffness and immobility, but it does not specifically describe a "hunchback" curvature of the spine.
B. Scoliosis involves an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, not a "hunchback" appearance.
C. Lordosis is characterized by an excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine, not the outward curvature seen in a "hunchback."
D. Kyphosis is the condition characterized by an abnormal outward curvature of the thoracic spine, leading to a "hunchback" appearance. This is common in older adults, often associated with osteoporosis and loss of bone density.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Increased progesterone during pregnancy can decrease the motility of smooth muscle, including that of the gastrointestinal tract, which contributes to the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and the development of heartburn.
B. While the growing uterus can exert pressure on the stomach, heartburn at 12 weeks is more directly related to hormonal changes rather than displacement due to the uterus.
C. Increased estrogen is not primarily responsible for increased hydrochloric acid secretion; progesterone's role in smooth muscle relaxation is a more direct cause of heartburn.
D. Retained bile in the liver does not directly cause heartburn; rather, it is more associated with other digestive issues such as jaundice or cholestasis.

A. This test identifies an Rh incompatibility between the mother and fetus. B. It assesses various markers of fetal well-being. C. It is a screening test for spinal defects in the fetus. D. This test assesses fetal lung maturity.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) test does not identify Rh incompatibility. Rh incompatibility is typically evaluated through blood typing and antibody screening, not through the MSAFP test.
B. While the MSAFP test is related to fetal development, it does not assess various markers of fetal well-being. Instead, it measures the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the maternal blood, which is specifically associated with neural tube defects.
C. The MSAFP test is primarily used as a screening tool for neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, in the fetus. Elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein can indicate spinal defects or other fetal abnormalities.
D. The MSAFP test does not assess fetal lung maturity. Fetal lung maturity is usually determined later in pregnancy through other tests, such as amniocentesis, which evaluates surfactant levels in the amniotic fluid.

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A nurse is assessing an older adult client who has experienced some loss of bone density. The nurse observes a "hunchback" curvature of the client's spine. The nurse should expect the provider to document which of the following disorders?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who is at 12 weeks gestation. The client asks about the cause of her heartburn. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein test at 15 weeks of gestation. The nurse provides which of the following explanations about this test to the client?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance about child development to the parents of a preschooler. Which of the following developmental tasks should the nurse include as being expected of a preschooler?

A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who is at 7 weeks of gestation. The client reports urinary frequency and asks if this will continue until delivery. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

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