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A nurse is assessing the risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in older adult clients.

Which of the following factors should the nurse consider?

(Select all that apply.).

Decreased immune system function with aging.

Lack of knowledge or awareness about STIs.

Reduced use of condoms or other barrier methods.

Increased number of sexual partners or casual encounters.

Increased vaginal dryness or atrophy with menopause.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

The correct answer is A, B, C and D.

These are all factors that can increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in older adult clients.

A. Decreased immune system function with aging. This can make older adults more susceptible to infections and less able to fight them off.

B. Lack of knowledge or awareness about STIs.

Older adults may not have received adequate education or information about STIs, their symptoms, prevention and treatment. They may also have misconceptions or stigma about STIs that prevent them from seeking help or testing.

C. Reduced use of condoms or other barrier methods.

Older adults may not perceive themselves as at risk of STIs or may not know how to use condoms correctly or consistently. They may also face barriers such as cost, availability, embarrassment or partner resistance to using condoms.

D. Increased number of sexual partners or casual encounters.

Older adults may have more opportunities for sexual activity due to factors such as divorce, widowhood, online dating, travel or retirement. They may also engage in sexual behaviors that expose them to multiple or unknown partners, such as sex work, drug use or group sex.

Choice E is wrong because increased vaginal dryness or atrophy with menopause is not a risk factor for STIs in older adult clients.

While this condition can cause discomfort, pain or bleeding during sexual intercourse, it does not increase the likelihood of acquiring or transmitting an STI. However, it may affect the quality of life and sexual satisfaction of older women and their partners, and may require medical attention or lubrication products.

: Johnson BK.

Sexually transmitted infections and older adults. J Gerontol Nurs 2013;39(11):53-60. : World Health Organization (WHO).

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). 2022 Aug 22. : Journal of Gerontological Nursing (JGN).

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Older Adults.

2013 Sep 18.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is A.

HRT can relieve hot flashes, vaginal dryness and mood swings, but it can also increase the risk of breast cancer, stroke and blood clots.This answer is based on the evidence from various studies that have shown the benefits and risks of HRT.

Choice B is wrong because HRT cannot prevent osteoporosis, heart disease and dementia, and it does not cause weight gain, acne and hair loss.These are common misconceptions about HRT that are not supported by scientific research.

Choice C is wrong because HRT does not have a significant effect on sexual function, skin elasticity and memory, and it does not lower the immune system, blood pressure and blood sugar.These are also myths about HRT that have no basis in reality.

Choice D is wrong because HRT can improve sleep quality, energy levels and mood, but it can also cause or worsen headaches, nausea and bloating.These are some of the possible side effects of HRT that vary depending on the type, dose and duration of the therapy.

Normal ranges for estrogen and progesterone levels depend on the stage of menopause, the type of HRT and the individual factors of each woman.

Generally, estrogen levels range from 10 to 50 pg/mL (picograms per milliliter) and progesterone levels range from 0.1 to 25 ng/mL (nanograms per milliliter) in postmenopausal women.

A. Trust vs mistrust. B. Generativity vs stagnation. C. Ego integrity vs despair. D. Identity vs role confusion.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is C.

Ego integrity vs despair.

According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, older adults face the challenge of looking back on their lives and evaluating their accomplishments and failures.

If they feel satisfied with their life course, they achieve a sense of ego integrity, which is a feeling of wholeness and coherence.

If they feel regretful or dissatisfied, they experience despair, which is a sense of hopelessness and bitterness.

Choice A is wrong because trust vs mistrust is the first stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in infancy.

It involves developing a basic sense of trust in oneself and others based on the quality of caregiving.

Choice B is wrong because generativity vs stagnation is the seventh stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in middle adulthood.

It involves contributing to society and the next generation through work, parenting, or other activities.

Choice D is wrong because identity vs role confusion is the fifth stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in adolescence.

It involves developing a stable and coherent sense of self and one’s role in society.

Normal ranges for Erikson’s stages are:.

• Trust vs mistrust: birth to 18 months.

• Autonomy vs shame and doubt: 18 months to 3 years.

• Initiative vs guilt: 3 to 6 years.

• Industry vs inferiority: 6 to 12 years.

• Identity vs role confusion: 12 to 18 years.

• Intimacy vs isolation: 18 to 40 years.

• Generativity vs stagnation: 40 to 65 years.

• Ego integrity vs despair: 65 years and older.

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A nurse is assessing the risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in older adult clients. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider? (Select all that apply.).

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is teaching an older adult client who has menopause about hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The client asks about the benefits and risks of HRT. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, what is the main developmental task of older adults?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nurse is assessing the risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in older adult clients.

Which of the following factors should the nurse consider?

(Select all that apply.).