A nurse is caring for a client in the prenatal clinic who is at 7 weeks of gestation.
The client reports urinary frequency and asks the nurse if this will continue throughout her pregnancy. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

Yes, in most cases it only lasts until about the 12th week, but it will continue if you have poor bladder tone.

Yes, it will, but if you decrease your fluid intake, especially at bedtime, it won’t be so bothersome.

There is no way to predict how long it will last for each individual client, so you’ll just have to wait and see.

No, it should only last until about your 12th week but it will return near the end of the pregnancy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A:
It is inaccurate to state that urinary frequency will continue throughout pregnancy in most cases. While it is a common symptom, it typically resolves by the end of the first trimester.
Suggesting that poor bladder tone is the cause of ongoing urinary frequency is not supported by evidence. This response may unnecessarily alarm a client who is already experiencing discomfort.

Choice B:
It is not recommended to advise a pregnant woman to decrease her fluid intake, especially during the first trimester when adequate hydration is crucial.
Restricting fluids can lead to dehydration, which can have negative consequences for both the mother and the fetus. While reducing fluid intake before bedtime might lessen nighttime urination, it does not address the underlying cause of urinary frequency.

Choice C:
While it is true that the duration of urinary frequency can vary among individuals, providing such an uncertain response may not be helpful to the client.
It is important to offer information that is both accurate and reassuring.

Choice D:
This response accurately conveys that urinary frequency is a common early pregnancy symptom that typically resolves by the end of the first trimester.
It also acknowledges that the symptom may return later in pregnancy, which helps to prepare the client for potential discomfort.
This response provides accurate information in a reassuring manner, making it the most appropriate choice.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A: Vitamin E
While vitamin E is an essential nutrient with antioxidant properties, there is no specific recommendation to increase its intake during pregnancy.
Adequate intake of vitamin E can typically be achieved through a balanced diet.
Excessive intake of vitamin E, particularly through supplements, could potentially have adverse effects.

Choice B: Vitamin D
Vitamin D is crucial for bone health and immune function, and it plays a role in fetal development.
However, the primary recommendation during pregnancy is to maintain adequate vitamin D levels, not necessarily to increase them significantly.
This can often be achieved through a combination of sunlight exposure, dietary intake, and, if needed, supplementation.

Choice C: Calcium
Calcium is essential for the development of strong bones and teeth in the fetus.
The fetal demand for calcium increases significantly during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester.

If the mother's dietary intake of calcium is insufficient, the body will draw calcium from her bones to meet the fetal needs, potentially putting her at risk of osteoporosis later in life.
Therefore, it is crucial for pregnant women to increase their calcium intake to meet the recommended daily allowance of 1,000-1,300 mg.

Choice D: Vitamin A
Vitamin A is important for vision, immune function, and cell growth.
However, excessive intake of vitamin A, particularly from supplements, can be teratogenic (causing birth defects). Pregnant women should aim to meet their vitamin A needs through food sources rather than supplements, and they should avoid consuming high-dose vitamin A supplements.

A. The nurse recognizes that which of the following is the most common risk factor for a placental abruption? B. Maternal battering. C. Cigarette smoking. D. Maternal age. E. Maternal cocaine use.

Correct Answer is E

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Maternal battering, or physical abuse during pregnancy, is a risk factor for placental abruption. However, it is not the most common risk factor. Studies have shown that the incidence of placental abruption is about 2-4 times higher in women who have experienced physical abuse during pregnancy compared to those who have not. However, the overall prevalence of physical abuse during pregnancy is estimated to be around 4-8%, while the prevalence of maternal hypertension is much higher, affecting about 10-15% of pregnancies.

Choice B rationale:

Cigarette smoking is also a risk factor for placental abruption. The nicotine in cigarettes causes vasoconstriction, which can reduce blood flow to the placenta. This can lead to placental abruption, especially in women who smoke heavily. However, while smoking is a significant risk factor, it is still less common than maternal hypertension.

Choice C rationale:

Maternal age is associated with an increased risk of placental abruption. Women over the age of 35 are at a higher risk than younger women. This is likely due to changes in the blood vessels of the uterus that occur with age. However, age alone is not as strong a predictor as hypertension.

Choice D rationale:

Maternal cocaine use is a significant risk factor for placental abruption. Cocaine causes vasoconstriction and can also lead to high blood pressure. This combination of factors can significantly increase the risk of placental abruption. However, cocaine use is much less prevalent than hypertension in the general population.

Choice E rationale:

Maternal hypertension, or high blood pressure during pregnancy, is the most common risk factor for placental abruption. Hypertension can damage the blood vessels in the uterus, which can lead to placental abruption. Approximately 50% of placental abruptions are associated with hypertension.

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A nurse is caring for a client in the prenatal clinic who is at 7 weeks of gestation. The client reports urinary frequency and asks the nurse if this will continue throughout her pregnancy. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

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Correct Answer is C

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A nurse is caring for a client in the prenatal clinic who is at 7 weeks of gestation.
The client reports urinary frequency and asks the nurse if this will continue throughout her pregnancy. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?