A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who has acute onset pulmonary edema and is experiencing dyspnea with low oxygen saturation rates. The nurse should recognize the client is at risk for which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Choice A reason: This statement is not entirely true because not all bipolar disorders include periods of major depression. For example, in cyclothymic disorder, individuals experience hypomanic episodes with milder episodes of depression.

Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect because bipolar disorders can manifest in various patterns and behaviors, and there is no single pattern that applies to all individuals with the condition.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. Manic depression, now known as bipolar disorder, is characterized by episodes of mania, which are more severe than the hypomanic episodes seen in hypomanic disorder.

Choice D reason: This is the most accurate statement. Patients with bipolar II disorder experience major depressive episodes along with hypomanic episodes, which are less severe than the manic episodes seen in bipolar I disorder.

Choice A reason: This approach is non-intrusive and allows the patient to become accustomed to the presence of others without feeling pressured to interact, which can be beneficial for someone with major depressive disorder who is isolating themselves.

Choice B reason: While group therapy is important, insisting that the patient comes with you when they are isolating themselves might be too forceful and could lead to increased resistance or distress.

Choice C reason: Introducing the patient to others is a good step, but it should not be the first approach if the patient is actively isolating and may not be ready for social interaction.

Choice D reason: Asking "What are you thinking about?" can be a good way to start a conversation, but it might be too direct for a patient who is not yet ready to open up and could feel invasive.