A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about cultural bias in health care. The nurse should include that which of the following can occur as a result of cultural bias?

Choice A reason : Repression is a defense mechanism that involves unconsciously blocking unpleasant feelings, desires, or experiences from one's awareness. It is a way for the ego to protect itself from things that the individual cannot cope with at the moment. In the scenario provided, the client does not seem to be unconsciously blocking out the stress but is instead consciously choosing to focus on different aspects of their life at different times.

Choice B reason : Compartmentalization is a defense mechanism where an individual separates different aspects of their life, allowing them to handle conflicting values or emotions by keeping these aspects in separate 'compartments' in their mind. This seems to be what the client is doing by separating work stress from family life, thus being able to concentrate on family when at home despite the stress at work.

Choice C reason : Regression is a defense mechanism that leads an individual to revert to an earlier stage of development when faced with stress. An example would be an adult throwing a tantrum when they don't get their way, which is not what the client is demonstrating in the scenario⁴.

Choice D reason : Projection is a defense mechanism where an individual attributes their own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or motives to another person. For instance, someone who is angry at their colleague may accuse the colleague of being hostile towards them. The client's statement does not indicate that they are projecting their feelings onto others⁵.

Choice A reason : Dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, is a common side effect of diphenhydramine, an antihistamine used to treat insomnia among other conditions. It occurs because diphenhydramine has anticholinergic properties, which means it inhibits the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This inhibition can reduce saliva production, leading to a feeling of dryness in the mouth.

Choice B reason : Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is not a typical side effect of diphenhydramine. While some medications, particularly decongestants, can raise blood pressure, diphenhydramine does not usually have this effect. However, individuals with pre-existing heart conditions should consult a healthcare provider before using it.

Choice C reason : Memory loss is not commonly listed as a side effect of diphenhydramine. However, because it can cause drowsiness and has sedative effects, it may lead to temporary forgetfulness or confusion, especially in older adults or when taken in higher doses.

Choice D reason : 'Medications' is not an adverse reaction but rather a general term for drugs used to diagnose, treat, or prevent illness. In the context of diphenhydramine, it would be more appropriate to discuss specific side effects or adverse reactions related to its use.