A nurse is assisting with the admission of an infant who has experienced vomiting and loose, watery stools for the past 3 days. Which of the following findings indicates that the child is experiencing moderate dehydration?

Anuria

A 7% weight loss from baseline

Нуреrpnea

Lethargy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Anuria: Anuria, or the absence of urine output, indicates severe dehydration or acute renal failure rather than moderate dehydration. Moderate dehydration usually presents with decreased but not absent urine output, as the body still tries to conserve fluids.

B. A 7% weight loss from baseline: A weight loss of 6% to 9% of body weight is consistent with moderate dehydration in infants and children. This measurable sign is a critical and objective indicator used to assess the severity of dehydration, particularly following prolonged vomiting or diarrhea.

C. Hyperpnea: Hyperpnea, or abnormally deep and rapid breathing, can be seen in cases of severe dehydration or metabolic acidosis. It is not a classic finding of moderate dehydration, where respiratory patterns are usually normal or only mildly affected.

D. Lethargy: Lethargy typically suggests severe dehydration rather than moderate. In moderate dehydration, the infant may be irritable or thirsty but usually maintains normal mental status without profound decreases in responsiveness or alertness.

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Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"B"}

Explanation

Lung sounds: The client is exhibiting slight inspiratory wheezes, suggesting airway narrowing that could worsen quickly, particularly with a history of asthma. Following the ABC priority framework (Airway, Breathing, Circulation), any compromise in breathing must be assessed and managed first to prevent respiratory decline.
Bowel sounds: Although bowel sounds are hyperactive, they do not immediately threaten life or stability. They are typically monitored rather than prioritized unless accompanied by severe gastrointestinal symptoms like obstruction.
Heart rate: Tachycardia is present but mild at 104/min and not currently associated with hypotension or hypoxia. While important to monitor, it is a secondary concern after ensuring airway patency and addressing breathing issues.
Anxiety: Anxiety may be contributing to elevated heart rate and hyperactive bowel sounds but does not represent an immediate physiological risk. Emotional support is important but should be provided after stabilizing airway and circulation.
Vaginal spotting: Vaginal spotting, especially in early pregnancy with abdominal tenderness, raises concern for ectopic pregnancy. After securing the airway, the next concern would be assessing for ongoing or worsening vaginal bleeding, which could signify internal hemorrhage.
Hemoglobin: The client's hemoglobin is low-normal (11 g/dL), suggesting mild anemia, possibly from chronic or early bleeding. However, there are no signs of active major blood loss requiring emergent correction, so it would not take immediate precedence over bleeding evaluation.

A. “If I have a health care proxy, then I do not need to have a living will” B. "My health care proxy designee is not able to sign a consent form on my behalf” C. “I do not need to name a relative as my designee in my health care proxy” D. "Once my health care proxy is in place, I relinquish my right to make my own decisions"

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "If I have a health care proxy, then I do not need to have a living will.": A health care proxy and a living will serve different purposes. A living will outlines specific treatment preferences, while a health care proxy designates someone to make decisions. Having one does not eliminate the benefit or need for the other.

B. "My health care proxy designee is not able to sign a consent form on my behalf.": The designee named in a health care proxy is specifically authorized to make healthcare decisions, including signing consent forms, if the client becomes unable to do so themselves.

C. "I do not need to name a relative as my designee in my health care proxy.": A client can choose any competent adult they trust to act as their healthcare proxy; it does not have to be a relative. This flexibility allows clients to select someone they believe will best honor their wishes.

D. "Once my health care proxy is in place, I relinquish my right to make my own decisions.": Having a health care proxy does not remove the client's decision-making rights. The proxy only takes effect if the client becomes unable to make or communicate their own healthcare decisions.

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A nurse is assisting with the admission of an infant who has experienced vomiting and loose, watery stools for the past 3 days. Which of the following findings indicates that the child is experiencing moderate dehydration?

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Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"B"}

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

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