A nurse is caring for a 24-week-old infant whose mother requests additional information about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Choice A rationale

While the genitourinary system can be affected in individuals with Down syndrome, it is not the most commonly affected body system. Down syndrome is a genetic condition where a person is born with an extra chromosome. This can affect how their brain and body develop, leading to both physical and mental challenges.

Choice B rationale

The reproductive system is not the most commonly affected body system in individuals with Down syndrome. While individuals with Down syndrome can have reproductive health issues, these are not as common as issues with other body systems.

Choice C rationale

The gastrointestinal system can be affected in individuals with Down syndrome, but it is not the most commonly affected body system. Some individuals with Down syndrome may experience gastrointestinal issues such as constipation or gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Choice D rationale

The cardiovascular system is the most commonly affected body system in individuals with Down syndrome. Almost half of babies with Down syndrome have congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common type of congenital anomaly. CHD can lead to high blood pressure in the lungs, an inability of the heart to effectively and efficiently pump blood, and cyanosis (blue-tinted skin caused by reduced oxygen in the blood)3.

Choice A rationale

A protruding tongue is a common characteristic in children diagnosed with Down syndrome. This is due to hypotonia (low muscle tone) and a relatively small oral cavity.

Choice B rationale

An outward slant to the eyes, also known as upslanting palpebral fissures, is a common characteristic in children with Down syndrome.

Choice C rationale

Wide-spaced front teeth are not typically associated with Down syndrome. Dental anomalies in Down syndrome often include delayed eruption of teeth and missing or extra teeth.

Choice D rationale

Curved, small fingers are a common characteristic in children with Down syndrome. This is part of the typical hand morphology that may also include a single palmar crease.

Choice E rationale

Simian creases, also known as single palmar creases, are common in children with Down syndrome. This is a single crease that runs across the palm of the hand, instead of the usual three creases.