A nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child with Down Syndrome. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse recognize as associated with Down Syndrome? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Atlantoaxial Instability

Normal developmental milestones

Congenital hypothyroidism

Frequent respiratory infections

Congenital heart defects

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A.   Atlantoaxial instability is a condition that can occur in children with Down syndrome, where the upper spine is less stable, leading to potential neurological complications.
B.   Normal developmental milestones are typically delayed in children with Down syndrome, making this option incorrect.
C.   Congenital hypothyroidism is common in children with Down syndrome, and thyroid function should be regularly monitored.
D.   Children with Down syndrome are at higher risk for frequent respiratory infections due to an altered immune system and other factors.

E.   Congenital heart defects are present in a significant number of children with Down syndrome, making this a key clinical manifestation.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. It is normal for toddlers to exhibit defiance, say "no" often, and become upset when scolded as part of the development of autonomy and independence. Seeking comfort afterward is also typical.

B. While the toddler may be struggling with emotional regulation, this behavior is typical and does not necessarily indicate ineffective coping.
C. There is no indication that further assessment is necessary unless other concerns arise. This behavior is normal for the developmental stage.
D. The toddler's behavior is not necessarily due to unmet affection; it is more likely part of the developmental process.

A. Budesonide B. Albuterol C. Fluticasone D. Montelukast

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Budesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term asthma control and is not appropriate for immediate relief during an acute asthma attack.
B. Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) and is the first-line medication for quickly relieving bronchospasm during an acute asthma attack.
C. Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid, which is used for long-term asthma control but not for rapid relief during an acute episode.
D. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist, used for long-term asthma control, and would not be effective for immediate relief during an acute attack.

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A nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child with Down Syndrome. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse recognize as associated with Down Syndrome? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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