A nurse is caring for a 62-year-old female client who was admitted for pain between their shoulder blades.
Complete the following sentence by using the list of options.
The nurse has completed the client's admission history. The client is most likely suffering from
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Rationale for correct answers:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): GERD is a condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting the mouth and stomach (esophagus). This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of the esophagus and lead to symptoms such as heartburn and pain between the shoulder blades. The client’s report of pain between the shoulder blades and history of hypertension aligns with GERD symptoms.
- Severe pain between shoulder blades and history of hypertension: These symptoms indicate the possibility of GERD. The client's pain is exacerbated by activity, which is a common characteristic of reflux pain. Also, a history of hypertension increases the likelihood of GERD due to its association with increased abdominal pressure.
Rationale for incorrect answers (Response 1 Options):
- Myocardial infarction: A myocardial infarction (heart attack) would typically present with elevated troponin levels and possibly ST-segment elevation on ECG. The client’s troponin levels are within normal limits (normal troponin I levels are typically less than 0.04 ng/mL) and ECG shows no ST-segment elevation, making this diagnosis less likely.
- Aortic dissection: This condition would usually present with severe, sudden chest pain that radiates to the back, and it is a medical emergency. The client's presentation does not fit the acute, severe pain typically associated with aortic dissection, and there is no mention of sudden onset or ripping/tearing sensation.
- Musculoskeletal strain: This condition would likely be characterized by localized tenderness and pain with movement. The client denies radiation of pain, and the pain is exacerbated by activity, which can overlap with GERD rather than musculoskeletal strain.
Rationale for incorrect answers (Response 2 Options):
- Elevated troponin levels and ST-segment elevation on ECG: These findings are indicative of myocardial infarction. The client’s troponin levels are within normal limits, and the ECG shows sinus rhythm with no ST-segment elevation, making myocardial infarction unlikely.
- Heartburn and regurgitation after meals: While these are classic symptoms of GERD, the client's primary complaint is severe pain between the shoulder blades. The absence of these specific symptoms in the client’s report does not support this option as the primary evidence.
- Localized tenderness and pain with movement: These symptoms are more characteristic of a musculoskeletal strain. The client's pain does not exhibit localized tenderness, and although it is activity-related, it lacks the hallmark features of a musculoskeletal strain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A pulse that is not palpable indicates severe circulatory collapse or cardiac arrest, not a characteristic of atrial fibrillation. It can be an emergency requiring immediate intervention.
Choice B rationale
A slow pulse, or bradycardia, is not a typical feature of atrial fibrillation. Bradycardia is often associated with conditions like hypothyroidism or beta-blocker therapy rather than atrial fibrillation.
Choice C rationale
Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregularly irregular pulse due to disorganized electrical activity in the atria, leading to inconsistent ventricular contractions. Pulse rate can vary widely.
Choice D rationale
A bounding pulse, which is strong and forceful, is typically associated with conditions like fever or hyperthyroidism rather than atrial fibrillation. Bounding pulses are not characteristic of atrial fibrillation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Aspirin's antipyretic action reduces fever by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamus, but this is not the primary rationale for post-MI use. Normal body temperature: 36.5-37.5°C.
Choice B rationale
Aspirin acts as an antiplatelet agent by irreversibly inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme, reducing thromboxane A2 production, thereby preventing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. This helps reduce MI risk.
Choice C rationale
As an analgesic, aspirin inhibits COX enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis and alleviating pain, but this is not the primary reason for its use in MI patients. Pain relief is a secondary benefit.
Choice D rationale
Aspirin's anti-inflammatory properties result from inhibiting COX enzymes and reducing prostaglandin synthesis, but this effect is not the primary rationale for its use post-MI. It helps but is not the main goal.
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