A nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). The nurse should recognize that which of the following accurately describes Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)?
(Select All that Apply.)

DMD is an inherited X-linked recessive trait

Most Clients with DMD are wheelchair dependent by age 12

The disease leads to progressive muscle degeneration.

Clients with DMD are never able to ambulate independently.

Disease progression always requires hospitalization

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

A.   Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene, which is X-linked, meaning it is passed down from carrier mothers to affected sons. It primarily affects boys.
B.   Children with DMD usually lose the ability to walk by the age of 12 due to progressive muscle weakness.
C.   DMD is characterized by the progressive degeneration and weakness of the skeletal muscles, leading to loss of function over time.
D.   While most children with DMD will become wheelchair-bound, some may be able to ambulate independently until the early teenage years, before losing the ability to walk.
E.   Hospitalization is not always required for DMD. Treatment may include outpatient therapies and management of symptoms. The need for hospitalization depends on complications.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The integumentary system may be involved in Kawasaki disease with skin changes, but the cardiovascular system is the most important system to monitor due to the risk of coronary artery aneurysms.
B. Cardiovascular is correct. Kawasaki disease can lead to coronary artery aneurysms, myocarditis, and other cardiovascular complications.
C. The gastrointestinal system is less involved but can show symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, or vomiting.
D. Respiratory involvement is not a primary concern in Kawasaki disease, although respiratory symptoms like cough may occur.

A. Redness B. Pruritus C. Edema D. Maceration

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Redness can occur with skin irritation or infection, but it is not the defining symptom of scabies. Pruritus (itching) is more characteristic.
B. The hallmark symptom of scabies is intense itching (pruritus), particularly at night, due to an allergic reaction to the mite infestation in the skin.
C. Edema is not a primary symptom of scabies. It may occur as a result of a secondary infection, but it is not typically associated with the infestation itself.
D. Maceration refers to the softening or breakdown of the skin from excessive moisture, which could happen if the skin is scratched excessively. However, maceration is not a hallmark symptom of scabies.

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A nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). The nurse should recognize that which of the following accurately describes Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)? (Select All that Apply.)

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A nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). The nurse should recognize that which of the following accurately describes Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)?
(Select All that Apply.)