A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old client who has been diagnosed with an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select All That Apply)
Right Atrial Enlargement
Left Atrial Enlargement
Shortness of breath.
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary hypotension
Correct Answer : A,C,D
A. Right atrial enlargement occurs due to the increased blood flow from left to right shunting, which can cause volume overload in the right atrium.
B. Left atrial enlargement is typically seen in conditions that cause increased left atrial pressure, such as mitral valve disease or left-sided heart failure, not in ASD.
C. Shortness of breath is a common symptom due to increased blood flow to the lungs, which can lead to pulmonary congestion.
D. Pulmonary hypertension may develop over time due to increased blood flow and pressure in the pulmonary circulation from the left-to-right shunting of blood.
E. Pulmonary hypotension is not associated with ASD. The condition typically leads to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, not decreased pressure
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Bradycardia is not a typical finding with PDA.
B. Cyanosis is more likely to occur with severe heart defects or in situations where there is a right-to-left shunt, which is not typical of PDA.
C. Weak pulses are not typical of PDA; instead, bounding pulses may be present.
D. A widened pulse pressure (a significant difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure) is commonly seen in large PDA due to the continuous blood flow from the aorta to the pulmonary arteries.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Low levels of AFP are not diagnostic of any condition, but they could indicate a potential issue, requiring further investigation.
B. A negative AFP test does not rule out genetic issues, as AFP is just one screening tool.
C. High levels of AFP may indicate a neural tube defect or other issues and warrant further testing, such as ultrasound or amniocentesis.
D. An elevated AFP level is associated with neural tube defects but does not definitively indicate the presence of one without further testing.
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