A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy. The nurse should assess for which potential adverse effects of long-term antiretroviral therapy?

GI intolerance and neutropenia

T-cell count of 500 and diarrhea

Anorexia and constipation

Bone demineralization and thrush

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. GI intolerance and neutropenia: Antiretroviral therapy can cause gastrointestinal intolerance, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Neutropenia, a decrease in neutrophil count, can also occur as a side effect of some antiretroviral medications.

B. T-cell count of 500 and diarrhea: While diarrhea can be a side effect of antiretroviral therapy, a T-cell count of 500 is not necessarily an adverse effect and may indicate effective treatment.

C. Anorexia and constipation: Anorexia and constipation are not commonly associated with antiretroviral therapy. However, gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea are more common.

D. Bone demineralization and thrush: Bone demineralization (osteoporosis) can occur as a long- term complication of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy, but it is not a direct adverse effect of antiretroviral medications. Thrush (oral candidiasis) can occur in HIV-infected individuals, but it is not specifically related to antiretroviral therapy.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Elevating the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees helps prevent aspiration, which is a risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia.
B. Performing hand hygiene before touching the ventilator tubing is crucial to prevent the introduction of pathogens into the ventilator system.
C. Refraining from suctioning the client is incorrect; suctioning should be performed as needed to keep the airway clear.
D. Providing mouth care every 2-4 hours can reduce the risk of pathogens entering the lower respiratory tract.
E. Performing hand hygiene before touching the client reduces the risk of transmitting infectious agents to the client.

A. Dyspnea B. Malaise C. Fever D. Anorexia

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Dyspnea: Worsening dyspnea may indicate complications such as heart failure or embolization of infectious material to the lungs, which can occur in infective endocarditis as a result of vegetation formation on heart valves. Dyspnea can suggest decreased cardiac output or pulmonary involvement, indicating a worsening condition.

B. Malaise: Malaise is a nonspecific symptom that is common in infective endocarditis due to systemic infection and inflammation. While it can be present in both mild and severe cases, it may not specifically indicate worsening of the condition without other signs of deterioration.

C. Fever: Fever is a hallmark symptom of infective endocarditis and may persist or worsen with progressive infection. However, fever alone may not necessarily indicate worsening if the client is already febrile due to the underlying infection.

D. Anorexia: Anorexia or loss of appetite can occur in infective endocarditis due to systemic illness but may not specifically indicate worsening without other signs of deterioration. It is important to assess for other signs of worsening condition, such as hemodynamic instability or embolic events, in conjunction with anorexia.

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A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy. The nurse should assess for which potential adverse effects of long-term antiretroviral therapy?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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