A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department (ED).

Exhibits

Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is []

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome refers to the collection of symptoms that occur when individuals who are dependent on alcohol abruptly reduce or stop their alcohol intake.

Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam or lorazepam, are commonly used to manage symptoms such as anxiety, tremors, and seizures.

Providing a safe environment also ensures that the client does not involve in self-harming activities due to hallucinations.

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is associated with an increased risk of seizures, particularly within the first 48 hours after cessation of alcohol consumption. Seizures can range from mild to severe and may be life-threatening if not promptly managed.

Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to increased urinary output, decreased fluid intake, and poor nutrition. Additionally, alcohol withdrawal itself can exacerbate fluid and electrolyte disturbances due to vomiting, diarrhea, diaphoresis, and increased metabolic demand.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the face, tongue, and sometimes other parts of the body. These movements can include lip smacking, tongue protrusion, grimacing, and rapid eye blinking. Tardive dyskinesia is a well-known adverse effect associated with long-term use of antipsychotic medications, particularly first- generation antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine.
A. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is a rare but serious adverse reaction to antipsychotic medications, characterized by symptoms such as severe muscle rigidity, high fever, altered mental status (e.g., confusion), autonomic instability (e.g., fluctuations in blood pressure, heart rate), and elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels.
B. Dysthymia is a chronic mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and low self-esteem. Dysthymia is not directly related to the involuntary movements described in the scenario and is unlikely to be the cause of the client's symptoms.
D. Akathisia is a movement disorder characterized by inner restlessness and the inability to sit still. Akathisia is a common side effect of antipsychotic medications and can be distressing for affected individuals. However, the symptoms described in the scenario, specifically involuntary movements of the tongue and face, are more indicative of tardive dyskinesia rather than akathisia.

A. "Take this medication with food." B. "Do not crush this medication before swallowing." C. "Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medication." D. "Do not use mouthwash while taking this medication."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. Mouthwash and other products containing alcohol should be avoided while taking disulfiram. Even small amounts of alcohol (such as those found in mouthwash) can lead to adverse reactions when combined with disulfiram.

A. Disulfiram should be taken on an empty stomach, preferably in the morning, to enhance absorption and efficacy. Taking it with food may decrease absorption and reduce its effectiveness in deterring alcohol consumption.

B. Disulfiram tablets should be swallowed whole and not crushed or broken. Crushing the tablets can alter their release mechanism and affect their intended action. However, avoidance of alcohol based substances is more important.

C. Grapefruit juice can interact with certain medications by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver, affecting drug metabolism. However, there is no specific interaction between grapefruit juice and disulfiram.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has schizophrenia and has been on long-term treatment with chlorpromazine. He notes the client is experiencing some involuntary movements of the tongue and face. The nurse should suspect the client has developed which of the following adverse effects?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for disulfiram (Antabuse). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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