A nurse is caring for a client in the outpatient cardiologist's office. The client is alert and oriented. Lung sounds with crackles are heard bilaterally. Dyspnea is observed on exertion, and heart sounds reveal an S3 gallop. Which of the following findings is the nurse most likely to expect?

Elevated blood pressure

Decreased respiratory rate

Pitting edema

Irregular pulse

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale
Elevated blood pressure is a common finding in cardiovascular conditions but is not specifically indicated by the presence of crackles, dyspnea on exertion, or an S3 gallop.

Choice B rationale
A decreased respiratory rate is not typically associated with the presence of crackles and dyspnea; these symptoms are more indicative of increased work of breathing and potential fluid overload.

Choice C rationale
Pitting edema is a classic sign of fluid retention, which can be associated with heart failure. The presence of crackles, dyspnea on exertion, and an S3 gallop are clinical indicators that suggest heart failure, making pitting edema a likely finding.

Choice D rationale
An irregular pulse may be found in various cardiac conditions but is not directly suggested by the symptoms described. The presence of an S3 gallop is more indicative of heart failure, which is commonly associated with fluid overload signs such as pitting edema.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E","F"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Hypertension is not a typical manifestation of pyelonephritis. While it can be present due to other underlying conditions, it is not directly related to pyelonephritis.

Choice B rationale
Frequency, or the need to urinate more often, is a common symptom of pyelonephritis as the infection can irritate the bladder and urinary tract.

Choice C rationale
Flank pain is a classic symptom of pyelonephritis. It is usually located on the side of the affected kidney and can be quite severe.

Choice D rationale
Neck pain is not associated with pyelonephritis. It is more likely related to musculoskeletal issues or other non-urinary tract conditions.

Choice E rationale
Costovertebral tenderness, which is tenderness felt on tapping the back where the ribs meet the spine, is indicative of kidney infection and is expected in pyelonephritis.

Choice F rationale
Urgency, or a sudden, strong need to urinate, is another symptom of pyelonephritis due to inflammation and irritation in the urinary system.

A. Smoking B. Obesity C. Limiting alcohol intake to less than four drinks per week D. More than seven servings of red meat per week E. A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and grains

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Smoking is a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer. The carcinogens in tobacco smoke can lead to the formation of cancerous cells in the colon and rectum.

Choice B rationale
Obesity increases the risk of colorectal cancer, possibly due to chronic low-level inflammation associated with excess body fat, which can contribute to cancer development.

Choice C rationale
Limiting alcohol intake to less than four drinks per week is actually a protective measure against colorectal cancer, not a risk factor.

Choice D rationale
A high intake of red meat, particularly more than seven servings per week, has been linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer due to compounds formed during digestion that can damage the lining of the colon and rectum.

Choice E rationale
A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and grains is generally considered protective against colorectal cancer due to the fiber and nutrients they provide, not a risk factor.

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A nurse is caring for a client in the outpatient cardiologist's office. The client is alert and oriented. Lung sounds with crackles are heard bilaterally. Dyspnea is observed on exertion, and heart sounds reveal an S3 gallop. Which of the following findings is the nurse most likely to expect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is admitting a client who has pyelonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to be present during the assessment? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E","F"]

Explanation

A nurse is educating the public at a health fair about colorectal cancer. Which of the following risk factors increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

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