A nurse is caring for a client in the outpatient cardiologist's office. The client is alert and oriented. Lung sounds with crackles are heard bilaterally. Dyspnea is observed on exertion, and heart sounds reveal an S3 gallop. Which of the following findings is the nurse most likely to expect?

Elevated blood pressure

Decreased respiratory rate

Pitting edema

Irregular pulse

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale
Elevated blood pressure is a common finding in cardiovascular conditions but is not specifically indicated by the presence of crackles, dyspnea on exertion, or an S3 gallop.

Choice B rationale
A decreased respiratory rate is not typically associated with the presence of crackles and dyspnea; these symptoms are more indicative of increased work of breathing and potential fluid overload.

Choice C rationale
Pitting edema is a classic sign of fluid retention, which can be associated with heart failure. The presence of crackles, dyspnea on exertion, and an S3 gallop are clinical indicators that suggest heart failure, making pitting edema a likely finding.

Choice D rationale
An irregular pulse may be found in various cardiac conditions but is not directly suggested by the symptoms described. The presence of an S3 gallop is more indicative of heart failure, which is commonly associated with fluid overload signs such as pitting edema.

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Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

While family history can contribute to the risk of developing certain conditions, it is not a direct risk factor for peptic ulcer disease.

Choice B rationale

A long-term smoking history is a known risk factor for peptic ulcer disease as it can increase gastric acid secretion and reduce the production of substances that protect the stomach lining.

Choice C rationale

The client denies alcohol use; therefore, it is not a contributing risk factor in this case. However, alcohol use is generally a risk factor for PUD due to its irritating effect on the stomach lining.

Choice D rationale
Being positive for Helicobacter pylori is one of the strongest risk factors for peptic ulcer disease. This bacterium damages the protective mucosal layer of the stomach and duodenum, leading to chronic inflammation and allowing acid to injure the underlying tissue. It is the leading cause of most gastric and duodenal ulcers worldwide.

Choice E rationale

NSAID use is a well-established risk factor for peptic ulcer disease as these medications can disrupt the protective lining of the stomach, leading to ulcers.

A. Palpate over the maxillary sinuses. B. Ask about a productive cough. C. Observe for purulent nasal drainage. D. Check the mouth for leukoplakia.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Palpating over the maxillary sinuses is not typically associated with oral cancer assessment. This action is more relevant to sinus issues and does not provide information about oral cancer.

Choice B rationale
Asking about a productive cough can be relevant in assessing respiratory conditions but is not a direct method for evaluating oral cancer. Oral cancer symptoms are more localized to the mouth area.

Choice C rationale
Observing for purulent nasal drainage is not a standard action in assessing for oral cancer. Nasal drainage would be more indicative of sinus or respiratory issues, not oral pathology.

Choice D rationale
Checking the mouth for leukoplakia is a key action when assessing for oral cancer. Leukoplakia presents as thickened, white patches inside the mouth and can be precancerous, making it a critical observation in potential oral cancer cases.

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A nurse is caring for a client in the outpatient cardiologist's office. The client is alert and oriented. Lung sounds with crackles are heard bilaterally. Dyspnea is observed on exertion, and heart sounds reveal an S3 gallop. Which of the following findings is the nurse most likely to expect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

Which action will the nurse take when assessing a patient with possible oral cancer?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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