A nurse is caring for a client who has a spinal cord injury. Which of the following support devices should the nurse plan to use to prevent plantar flexion contractures?

Trochanter roll

Footboard

Sheepskin heel pad

Abduction pillow

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:

A. Trochanter roll: A trochanter roll is used to prevent external rotation of the hips in clients who are immobile. It does not support the feet or ankles and therefore does not prevent plantar flexion contractures.

B. Footboard: A footboard helps maintain the foot in a dorsiflexed, neutral position by providing firm support against the soles. This prevents foot drop, a common plantar flexion contracture in clients with limited mobility.

C. Sheepskin heel pad: Sheepskin heel pads protect the heels from pressure ulcers by reducing friction and shear but do not maintain ankle alignment or prevent plantar flexion of the feet.

D. Abduction pillow: An abduction pillow is placed between the legs to maintain hip alignment after procedures like hip replacement. It offers no support to the feet and does not prevent plantar flexion.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Maintain bed elevation at 20°: To reduce the risk of aspiration, the head of the bed should be elevated to at least 30°–45° during and after enteral feedings. A 20° elevation is insufficient to prevent gastric reflux and aspiration.

B. Check for gastric residual every 12 hr: Gastric residuals should generally be checked every 4–6 hours for clients receiving continuous enteral feedings. Waiting 12 hours increases the risk of feeding intolerance or aspiration from undetected residual accumulation.

C. Flush the tubing with 30 mL of water every 4 hr: Routine flushing helps prevent tube occlusion and maintains patency. It also ensures that the client receives adequate hydration, especially with continuous feeding systems.

D. Place enough formula in the container to last 18 hr: Formula in an open system should not hang longer than 4 hours due to the risk of bacterial contamination. Adding 18 hours’ worth increases the chance of microbial growth and infection.

A. Coarse lung sounds B. Widening pulse pressure C. Muffled heart sounds D. Decreased jugular vein distention

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Coarse lung sounds: Coarse lung sounds are typically associated with pulmonary issues such as fluid overload or pneumonia. They are not specific to cardiac tamponade and may appear later or not at all in this condition.

B. Widening pulse pressure: Cardiac tamponade causes narrowing of the pulse pressure due to decreased stroke volume, not widening. A narrowing pulse pressure is a more reliable hemodynamic sign of tamponade.

C. Muffled heart sounds: Muffled or distant heart sounds are a classic early sign of cardiac tamponade. They result from fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, which insulates the heart and dampens the transmission of sound.

D. Decreased jugular vein distention: Cardiac tamponade typically causes increased jugular vein distention due to impaired venous return to the heart. A decrease in JVD would not be expected and may indicate a different process.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a spinal cord injury. Which of the following support devices should the nurse plan to use to prevent plantar flexion contractures?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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