A nurse is caring for a client who has angina.
Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options.
The client is at risk for developing
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C","dropdown-group-2":"C"}
- Myocardial infarction: The rising troponin levels (Troponin T increasing from 0.08 ng/mL to 0.2 ng/mL and Troponin I rising from 0.01 ng/mL to 0.1 ng/mL) indicate myocardial injury. Persistent chest tightness, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and anxiety suggest ongoing ischemia. The lack of complete pain relief after nitroglycerin further supports myocardial infarction rather than stable angina.
- Pulmonary embolism: Shortness of breath is a symptom of pulmonary embolism, but the absence of acute hypoxia, pleuritic chest pain, or significant coagulation abnormalities makes this less likely. The client's symptoms and laboratory findings more strongly support a cardiac etiology.
- Bleeding: While thrombolytic therapy increases bleeding risk, the aPTT (32 seconds) and platelet count (350,000/mm³) are within normal limits. There are no reported signs of active bleeding, such as hypotension, bruising, or hematuria, making this a less relevant immediate concern.
- Shortness of breath: Often present in myocardial infarction due to decreased cardiac output and pulmonary congestion. The combination of chest pain, diaphoresis, and dyspnea suggests worsening ischemia rather than a primary pulmonary process. However, it is a nonspecific symptom that can also indicate pulmonary embolism or respiratory distress.
- aPTT levels: Normal at 32 seconds (reference: 30–40 seconds), which suggests no immediate risk of abnormal clotting or excessive anticoagulation. This finding does not directly indicate myocardial infarction but is important in monitoring bleeding risk with thrombolytic therapy. A significantly elevated aPTT could raise concern for hemorrhagic complications.
- Elevated troponin levels: A highly specific marker for myocardial injury. The rise in Troponin T and Troponin I over time confirms myocardial damage, distinguishing acute coronary syndrome from stable angina. This trend is critical in diagnosing myocardial infarction, as troponin elevation correlates with the extent of cardiac muscle injury.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A palpable thrill at the fistula site: A palpable thrill is a normal finding that indicates proper blood flow through the arteriovenous fistula. The absence of a thrill would be concerning, as it may suggest clotting or dysfunction of the vascular access.
B. Hyperglycemia: Hemodialysis does not typically cause hyperglycemia. Clients with diabetes may experience fluctuations in blood glucose levels, but dialysis itself is more commonly associated with hypoglycemia due to the removal of glucose from the bloodstream.
C. Altered mental status: Neurological changes such as confusion, restlessness, or decreased responsiveness may indicate dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS). This complication results from rapid fluid and solute shifts, leading to cerebral edema. It is a serious condition requiring immediate intervention.
D. Decrease in weight: A decrease in weight following hemodialysis is expected due to fluid removal. Clients are weighed before and after dialysis to monitor fluid balance, and weight loss after treatment indicates effective fluid removal rather than a complication.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Thalassemia: A genetic blood disorder affecting hemoglobin production. While patients with severe anemia may have an increased bleeding risk, thalassemia itself is not a contraindication to heparin. Caution is needed if the patient has splenomegaly or significant anemia.
B. Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune condition that can increase bleeding risk due to chronic inflammation and medication use, such as NSAIDs or corticosteroids. However, heparin is not contraindicated unless there is an associated bleeding disorder or severe thrombocytopenia.
C. Thrombocytopenia: A condition characterized by a low platelet count, significantly increasing the risk of bleeding. Heparin use can worsen this condition, especially in cases of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), which can lead to both bleeding and thrombosis.
D. COPD: A chronic lung disease that does not directly contraindicate heparin therapy. While COPD patients may be at risk for deep vein thrombosis due to immobility, heparin remains a standard prophylactic treatment unless there are other bleeding risks.
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