A nurse is caring for a client who has dysphagia. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following complications?

Pneumonia

Pressure injury

Pulmonary embolism

Diarrhea

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Pneumonia:
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can lead to aspiration, where food or liquids enter the airway and lungs instead of the stomach. This can result in pneumonia, an infection of the lungs. Clients with dysphagia are at an increased risk of developing pneumonia due to the aspiration of foreign material into the lungs.

B. Pressure Injury:
Pressure injuries (formerly known as pressure ulcers or bedsores) are caused by prolonged pressure on the skin, usually over bony prominences. Dysphagia itself is not directly related to pressure injuries. These injuries are more commonly associated with immobility and constant pressure on specific areas of the body.

C. Pulmonary Embolism:
Pulmonary embolism is a blockage of the pulmonary artery, usually by a blood clot that travels to the lungs from the legs or other parts of the body. While dysphagia is not directly associated with pulmonary embolism, conditions that cause immobility (such as being bedridden due to dysphagia) can contribute to the risk of developing blood clots.

D. Diarrhea:
Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing and is not directly related to diarrhea. Diarrhea is often associated with gastrointestinal issues, infections, or dietary factors. Monitoring for complications of dysphagia would primarily focus on respiratory issues, such as aspiration pneumonia.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Fluid volume overload:
Explanation: Fluid volume overload is not typically associated with urinary incontinence. It is more commonly linked to conditions affecting the heart and kidneys.

B. Kidney stones:
Explanation: Kidney stones are not directly related to urinary incontinence. Kidney stones may cause pain, hematuria (blood in urine), and changes in urinary frequency.

C. Dermatitis:
Explanation: This is correct. Urinary incontinence can lead to skin irritation and dermatitis, especially if the skin is constantly exposed to urine. Keeping the perineal area clean and dry is important to prevent dermatitis.

D. Hypoglycemia:
Explanation: Hypoglycemia is not typically associated with urinary incontinence. It is more related to low blood sugar levels and is not a direct consequence of urinary incontinence.

A. "Sweating can occur with hypoglycemia." B. "My son might complain of feeling shaky when he has a low blood glucose level." C. "My son might have nausea and vomiting with hypoglycemia." D. "The onset of low blood glucose usually occurs rapidly."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Sweating can occur with hypoglycemia."
Explanation: This statement is correct. Sweating is one of the common symptoms of hypoglycemia. When blood glucose levels drop too low, the body releases stress hormones, including adrenaline, which can lead to sweating.

B. "My son might complain of feeling shaky when he has a low blood glucose level."
Explanation: This statement is correct. Shaking or feeling shaky is a common symptom of hypoglycemia. It results from the release of stress hormones in response to low blood glucose.

C. "My son might have nausea and vomiting with hypoglycemia."Nausea and vomiting are more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, especially in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). They are not typical signs of hypoglycemia.

D. "The onset of low blood glucose usually occurs rapidly."Hypoglycemia often has a rapid onset, especially with missed meals or increased activity.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has dysphagia. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following complications?

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