A nurse is caring for a client who has erectile dysfunction. Which of the following lab tests should the nurse expect will be ordered to evaluate this client? (Select All that Apply.)
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Blood glucose
Partial thromboplastin time
Testosterone
Total cholesterol
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
Choice A reason: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
TSH levels can affect sexual function. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can lead to ED. Hyperthyroidism can cause premature ejaculation, while hypothyroidism can reduce libido and cause ED. Therefore, assessing thyroid function is important in the evaluation of ED.
Choice B reason: Blood glucose
Diabetes mellitus is a common cause of ED. High blood glucose levels can damage blood vessels and nerves that control erection. Therefore, testing for diabetes with a blood glucose test is a standard part of the ED evaluation.
Choice C reason: Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
PTT is not typically used to evaluate ED. It measures the time it takes for blood to clot and is usually used to assess bleeding disorders or the effectiveness of blood-thinning medication.
Choice D reason: Testosterone
Low testosterone levels can lead to a decrease in sexual desire and ED. Testosterone replacement therapy may improve the situation if this is the case. Hence, measuring testosterone levels is a critical part of the ED workup.
Choice E reason: Total cholesterol
High cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis, which can impede blood flow to the penis and cause ED. Therefore, a lipid profile, including total cholesterol, is often checked when evaluating ED.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
A BUN level of 8 mg/dL and a creatinine level of 0.7 mg/dL are within normal ranges for a healthy individual without kidney disease. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), we would expect these values to be elevated due to the kidneys' reduced ability to filter waste products from the blood.
Choice B reason:
A BUN level of 45 mg/dL and a creatinine level of 8 mg/dL are significantly higher than the normal range, which is consistent with impaired kidney function seen in CKD. These elevated levels indicate that the kidneys are not effectively filtering urea and creatinine from the blood, leading to their accumulation.
Choice C reason:
A BUN level of 23 mg/dL and a creatinine level of 1.0 mg/dL could be seen in the early stages of CKD. While the creatinine level is within the normal range, the BUN level is slightly elevated, which may suggest a decline in kidney function.
Choice D reason:
A BUN level of 10 mg/dL and a creatinine level of 0.3 mg/dL are both below the normal range. This is an unlikely finding for a patient with CKD, as kidney impairment typically leads to increased levels of these substances in the blood.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Keeping artificial nails trimmed is a recommended practice in healthcare settings to maintain effective hand hygiene. Long nails can harbor bacteria and make it difficult to clean hands thoroughly. However, the CDC does not provide specific guidelines on the length of artificial nails for healthcare workers.
Choice B reason:
When caring for a client with Clostridium difficile, it is recommended to wash hands with soap and water rather than using alcohol-based hand rubs. Alcohol-based hand rubs are not effective against C. difficile spores. Therefore, thorough handwashing with soap and water is necessary to remove spores.
Choice C reason:
Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic agent that provides broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is recommended for hand hygiene in certain situations, such as before invasive procedures or for clients who are immunosuppressed. It is effective against a wide range of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, making it a suitable choice for immunocompromised patients to reduce the risk of infection.
Choice D reason:
The use of alcohol-based hand rubs before administering eye drops is not specifically recommended. While hand hygiene is essential before any contact with a patient, there is no particular preference for alcohol-based hand rubs in this context. The primary concern is to ensure that hands are clean to prevent contamination of the eye drops or the patient's eyes.
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