A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been informed that it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

Metastasis occurs when cancerous growths are located in the kidneys and also in another part of the body.

Metastasis means a group of abnormal kidney cells is localized to a single location.

Metastasis is when a group of kidney cells have changed to more closely resemble intestinal cells.

Metastasis occurs when cancer cells grow until they run out of space and stop growing.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Metastasis refers to the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to distant organs or tissues. This can occur through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in other parts of the body.

Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect because metastasis, by definition, involves the spread of cancer cells to multiple locations, not their confinement to a single area.

Choice C reason: The description provided in this choice is more indicative of metaplasia, which is a change in the type of cells, and not metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells.

Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect as it does not describe metastasis. Cancer cells do not stop growing because they run out of space; they continue to proliferate and can invade other tissues.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: pH 7.30 with elevated HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests compensated respiratory acidosis, not typical for chronic kidney disease.

Choice B reason: pH 7.55 with elevated HCO3- and low PaCO2 suggests metabolic alkalosis, which is not typical for chronic kidney disease.

Choice C reason: pH 7.25 with decreased HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests metabolic acidosis, which is expected in chronic kidney disease due to the accumulation of acids.

Choice D reason: pH 7.50 with low HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests compensated metabolic alkalosis, which is not typical for chronic kidney disease.

A. Diuretic use B. Hypocalcemia C. Family history D. BMI less than 25

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Diuretic use, especially thiazide diuretics, can lead to increased calcium in the urine, which is a risk

factor for the development of calcium stones.

Choice B reason: Hypocalcemia is not typically associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis. In fact, hypercalcemia can be a risk factor due to increased calcium excretion.

Choice C reason: A family history of kidney stones is a known risk factor for urolithiasis, as genetic factors can in?uence stone formation.

Choice D reason: A BMI less than 25 is generally not considered a risk factor for urolithiasis; higher BMI levels have been associated with an increased risk.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been informed that it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is C

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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