A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been informed that it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

Metastasis occurs when cancerous growths are located in the kidneys and also in another part of the body.

Metastasis means a group of abnormal kidney cells is localized to a single location.

Metastasis is when a group of kidney cells have changed to more closely resemble intestinal cells.

Metastasis occurs when cancer cells grow until they run out of space and stop growing.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Metastasis refers to the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to distant organs or tissues. This can occur through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in other parts of the body.

Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect because metastasis, by definition, involves the spread of cancer cells to multiple locations, not their confinement to a single area.

Choice C reason: The description provided in this choice is more indicative of metaplasia, which is a change in the type of cells, and not metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells.

Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect as it does not describe metastasis. Cancer cells do not stop growing because they run out of space; they continue to proliferate and can invade other tissues.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E","F"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Frothy urine is not a typical symptom of pyelonephritis; it is more associated with proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome.

Choice B reason: Lower abdominal pain can be a symptom of pyelonephritis due to in?ammation and infection in the kidneys.

Choice C reason: Hypertension is not a direct symptom of pyelonephritis, although it can be associated with chronic kidney disease.

Choice D reason: A fish-type urine odor can be present in pyelonephritis due to the presence of bacteria.

Choice E reason: Mental confusion can occur, especially in severe cases or in elderly patients with pyelonephritis.

Choice F reason: A weak urine stream may be present if there is swelling or obstruction in the urinary tract due to infection.

A. Pruritus B. Slurred speech C. Hypotension D. Bone pain E. Bradypnea

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pruritus, or severe itching, is a common symptom in patients with ESRD due to the build-up of waste products in the body.

Choice B reason: Slurred speech is not typically associated with ESRD. It may be a symptom of other neurological conditions or could be related to medications or treatments.

Choice C reason: Hypotension can be an expected finding in ESRD due to the fluid shifts and changes in blood volume

that occur during dialysis treatment.

Choice D reason: Bone pain is a known complication of ESRD, often resulting from the mineral and bone disorders that are part of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).

Choice E reason: Bradypnea, or abnormally slow breathing, may occur in ESRD as a result of metabolic changes affecting the respiratory system.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been informed that it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is admitting a client who has pyelonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to be present during the assessment? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E","F"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply).

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the BUN and creatinine levels of an older adult client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

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A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect?

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