A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been informed that it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

Metastasis occurs when cancerous growths are located in the kidneys and also in another part of the body.

Metastasis means a group of abnormal kidney cells is localized to a single location.

Metastasis is when a group of kidney cells have changed to more closely resemble intestinal cells.

Metastasis occurs when cancer cells grow until they run out of space and stop growing.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Metastasis refers to the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to distant organs or tissues. This can occur through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in other parts of the body.

Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect because metastasis, by definition, involves the spread of cancer cells to multiple locations, not their confinement to a single area.

Choice C reason: The description provided in this choice is more indicative of metaplasia, which is a change in the type of cells, and not metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells.

Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect as it does not describe metastasis. Cancer cells do not stop growing because they run out of space; they continue to proliferate and can invade other tissues.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect because, during dehydration, water does not move towards areas of lower sodium concentration.

Choice B reason: This is correct because, during dehydration, the body retains sodium, and water follows by osmosis to areas where sodium concentration is higher, which can result in elevated sodium levels.

Choice C reason: Sodium does not typically move across membranes in response to solute concentration gradients; water does.

Choice D reason: Water moves independently of sodium particles, not necessarily together, and it moves towards areas of higher solute concentration.

A. BUN and creatinine levels decrease. B. Renal function is reestablished. C. Urine output is less than 400 mL per 24 hr. D. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) recovers.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: During the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, BUN and creatinine levels typically increase, not decrease, due to reduced kidney function.

Choice B reason: Renal function is not reestablished during the oliguric phase; this phase is characterized by decreased function.

Choice C reason: The oliguric phase is defined by significantly reduced urine output, often less than 400 mL per 24 hours.

Choice D reason: The GFR does not recover during the oliguric phase; it is usually decreased.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been informed that it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about fluid shifts. The newly licensed nurse asks why sodium levels are high during dehydration. Which of the following responses should the charge nurse provide?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has acute kidney injury about the oliguric phase. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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