A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings for four clients. Which of the following clients has manifestations of acute kidney injury?

Hemoglobin 16 g/dL

BUN 15 mg/dL

Serum potassium 4.5 mEq/L

Serum creatinine 6 mg/dL

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: A hemoglobin level of 16 g/dL is within the normal range and does not indicate acute kidney injury.

Choice B reason: A BUN level of 15 mg/dL is also within the normal range and does not suggest acute kidney injury.

Choice C reason: A serum potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L is within the normal range and is not indicative of acute kidney injury.

Choice D reason: A serum creatinine level of 6 mg/dL is significantly elevated and indicates impaired kidney function, which is a hallmark of acute kidney injury.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Dizziness can be a symptom of DKA due to dehydration; however, it is not as specific as mental status changes.

Choice B reason: Nervousness is not a specific symptom of DKA and can be related to high blood glucose levels rather than DKA itself.

Choice C reason: Mental status changes such as confusion or altered consciousness are significant indicators of DKA and require immediate medical atention.

Choice D reason: Cool, clammy skin is not typically associated with DKA; instead, DKA can present with dry skin and mouth due to dehydration.

A. Hypernatremia B. Hypophosphatemia C. Hypercalcemia D. Hyperkalemia

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hypernatremia, which is an abnormally high level of sodium in the blood, is not typically associated with prerenal AKI. Prerenal AKI is often related to hypovolemia, which can lead to hyponatremia rather than hypernatremia.

Choice B reason: Hypophosphatemia, or low levels of phosphate in the blood, is not a common finding in prerenal AKI. Phosphate levels are more often affected in intrinsic renal diseases or refeeding syndrome.

Choice C reason: Hypercalcemia, or high levels of calcium in the blood, is not commonly seen in prerenal AKI. It is more frequently associated with malignancies or hyperparathyroidism.

Choice D reason: Hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood, is a common electrolyte imbalance in prerenal AKI. This occurs due to decreased renal perfusion and the kidney's reduced ability to excrete potassium.

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A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings for four clients. Which of the following clients has manifestations of acute kidney injury?

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