A client who has low back pain reports that they are unable to void. The nurse notices a distended bladder on assessment. Which of the following is the likely cause of this client's low back pain?

Urinary disorder

Stress fracture

Nerve root pain

Renal cancer

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: A distended bladder can cause low back pain due to the pressure and stretching of the bladder wall, which is often related to a urinary disorder such as urinary retention or obstruction.

Choice B reason: A stress fracture is less likely to be the cause of low back pain associated with an inability to void and a distended bladder.

Choice C reason: Nerve root pain typically presents with radiating pain down the leg rather than low back pain associated with urinary symptoms.

Choice D reason: Renal cancer could potentially cause low back pain, but it would not typically cause an inability to void or a distended bladder without other significant symptoms.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Being a breast cancer survivor is not an absolute contraindication for kidney transplant. Patients with a history of malignancy should be successfully treated before proceeding with transplantation, and most candidates with a history of cancer are advised to wait a period of time between successful treatment and transplantation.

Choice B reason: Having a pacemaker is not a contraindication for kidney transplant. Patients with cardiac devices can undergo transplantation if their cardiac condition is stable and well-managed.

Choice C reason: Age alone, such as being 65 years of age, is not an absolute contraindication for kidney transplant. Many transplant centers perform successful kidney transplants in older adults, considering their overall health and potential benefits from the procedure.

Choice D reason: Active drug or alcohol addiction is considered a contraindication for kidney transplantation. Patients with addiction should be in an established recovery program and stable for a minimum of one year before being considered for transplant.

A. Iron B. Sodium C. Potassium D. Protein

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease, and iron supplementation is often required to support red blood cell production.

Choice B reason: Sodium intake does not need to be increased with epoetin alfa therapy and should be monitored carefully in clients with chronic kidney disease.

Choice C reason: Potassium levels should be monitored in chronic kidney disease and not necessarily increased, as hyperkalemia can be a concern.

Choice D reason: Protein intake should be managed carefully in chronic kidney disease to avoid excess nitrogen waste, which can be difficult for damaged kidneys to filter.

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A client who has low back pain reports that they are unable to void. The nurse notices a distended bladder on assessment. Which of the following is the likely cause of this client's low back pain?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is discussing kidney transplant with a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this treatment?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease and a new prescription for epoetin alfa. The nurse should instruct the client to increase dietary intake of which of the following substances?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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