A nurse is caring for a client who has persistent physical symptoms that are not fully explained by a medical condition. These symptoms are causing significant distress and impairment in the client's daily life. Which of the following factors may contribute to the development and maintenance of the client's somatic symptom illness?

Genetic predisposition and neurobiological abnormalities.

Substance use or withdrawal and medication side effects.

Childhood abuse or neglect and family history of mental disorders.

Social isolation and cultural expectations regarding health.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

Genetic predisposition and neurobiological abnormalities - Somatic symptom illnesses often have a genetic component, with certain individuals being more susceptible due to genetic factors that influence the way their brain and nervous system respond to stress and emotions. Neurobiological abnormalities can lead to altered perception and processing of bodily sensations, contributing to the development and persistence of these illnesses.

Choice B rationale:

Substance use or withdrawal and medication side effects - While substance use, withdrawal, and medication side effects can impact an individual's overall well-being and potentially exacerbate physical symptoms, they are not core factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of somatic symptom illnesses.

Choice C rationale:

Childhood abuse or neglect and family history of mental disorders - These factors can contribute to the development of various mental health conditions, but they are not specific to somatic symptom illnesses. Somatic symptom illnesses involve the interaction between emotional factors and physical symptoms that are not fully explained by medical conditions.

Choice D rationale:

Social isolation and cultural expectations regarding health - While social isolation and cultural expectations can influence an individual's perception of health and illness, they are more likely to play a secondary role in the context of somatic symptom illnesses. These illnesses are primarily rooted in the interaction between psychological and physiological factors.

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Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used to treat depression and other mood disorders. It works by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which helps improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression.

Choice B rationale:

Venlafaxine is not an SSRI; it is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). While it also affects serotonin levels, it additionally targets norepinephrine, making it different from the classic SSRIs.

Choice C rationale:

Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), not an SSRI. TCAs work by affecting the levels of multiple neurotransmitters, including serotonin and norepinephrine. They are generally considered second-line treatments due to their side effect profile and the availability of newer options like SSRIs and SNRIs.

Choice D rationale:

Escitalopram is an SSRI used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. It specifically targets serotonin reuptake, leading to increased serotonin levels in the brain and improved mood.

Choice E rationale:

Duloxetine is an SNRI that is used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and certain pain conditions. Like other SNRIs, it acts on both serotonin and norepinephrine systems to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.

A. Somatic symptom illnesses are solely caused by biological factors and have no psychological component. B. Somatic symptom illnesses are a sign of laziness and malingering on the part of the client. C. Somatic symptom illnesses are complex disorders that result from interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors. D. Somatic symptom illnesses are exclusively caused by psychological factors and have no biological basis.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Somatic symptom illnesses are not solely caused by biological factors. While there can be some biological factors that contribute to these illnesses, they are not the sole determinant. Somatic symptom illnesses involve a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors that interact to create the overall clinical picture. This choice is incorrect as it oversimplifies the nature of somatic symptom illnesses.

Choice B rationale:

This choice is incorrect. Somatic symptom illnesses are not indicative of laziness or malingering on the part of the client. These illnesses are genuine and can cause significant distress to the individuals experiencing them. Labeling them as laziness or malingering is not only inaccurate but also stigmatizing. Somatic symptom illnesses are complex and require a comprehensive understanding for proper management.

Choice C rationale:

This is the correct choice. Somatic symptom illnesses are indeed complex disorders that result from interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors. Individuals with somatic symptom illnesses experience physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by underlying medical conditions. These symptoms often have a psychological component, such as anxiety or distress, which can exacerbate the physical symptoms. Additionally, social factors, including cultural influences and environmental stressors, can contribute to the development and maintenance of these illnesses. A biopsychosocial model is commonly used to understand and manage somatic symptom illnesses.

Choice D rationale:

Somatic symptom illnesses are not exclusively caused by psychological factors. While psychological factors can contribute to the onset and exacerbation of these illnesses, there is often a biological basis as well. The interplay between psychological, biological, and social factors is essential to understanding these disorders. This choice is incorrect because it disregards the biological component that plays a role in somatic symptom illnesses.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

(Select all that apply):. A nurse is explaining different classes of antidepressant medications to a client. Which of the following are examples of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to a client's family about somatic symptom illnesses. Which of the following statements accurately conveys the nature of somatic symptom illnesses?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is assessing clients with somatic symptom illnesses. Select all the statements that accurately describe illness anxiety disorder.

A nurse is discussing potential complications of somatic symptom illnesses with a client. Which of the following factors can influence the client's outcomes in managing their condition?

A nurse is caring for a group of clients with somatic symptom illnesses. Select all the types of somatic symptom illnesses from the following options.

A client presents with symptoms of altered voluntary motor function that are incompatible with medical conditions. The client is distressed by these symptoms. Which statement is most likely to be said by the client?

A nurse is discussing treatment approaches for somatic symptom illnesses. Which therapy is commonly used to address underlying emotional factors and manage symptoms?

A nurse is conducting an assessment of a client with suspected somatic symptom illness. Which aspect should the nurse consider as part of the assessment process?

A nurse is explaining the potential outcomes of somatic symptom illnesses to a client. Which of the following statements accurately describes a possible outcome for a client with somatic symptom illness?