A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia.

Exhibit 1

Medication Administration Record

Day 1, 1500:

Cefazolin 500 mg every 12 hr IV

Dexamethasone 15 mg every 6 hr IV

Day 3, 1200:

Discontinue dexamethasone 15 mg every 6 hr IV Prednisone 40 mg PO daily

Day 4, 1500:

Discontinue cefazolin 500 mg every 12 hr IV
The nurse is providing discharge teaching for the client and their caregiver. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

A. Metabolic syndrome: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. The conditions include increased blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Metabolic syndrome significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by promoting atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries) and increasing the likelihood of developing other risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes.

B. Family history of alcohol use disorder: While excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to cardiovascular disease by raising blood pressure, increasing triglyceride levels, and promoting obesity, a family history of alcohol use disorder alone is not considered a direct risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

C. Participation in competitive sports: Regular physical activity, including participation in competitive sports, is typically associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. However, extreme levels of physical activity or certain types of competitive sports may pose risks, such as sudden cardiac events in individuals with underlying heart conditions. Overall, regular exercise is beneficial for cardiovascular health when performed in moderation and according to individual fitness levels.

D. Hypotension: Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is generally not considered a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In fact, low blood pressure is often associated with a reduced risk of conditions such as heart attack and stroke. However, severe hypotension can indicate underlying health issues and may require medical evaluation and management.

A. Supine in low-Fowler's position:Low-Fowler's position does not effectively promote postural drainage for left lower-lobe atelectasis. This position would not use gravity to facilitate mucus drainage or improve ventilation to the affected lobe.

B. Side-lying with the right side of the chest elevated:While side-lying positions can be useful for postural drainage, lying with the right side elevated does not optimize drainage from the left lower lobe.

C. Prone with pillows under the lower extremities:Although the prone position can help improve oxygenation in some respiratory conditions, it is not ideal for targeting left lower-lobe atelectasis in postural drainage therapy.

D. Right lateral in Trendelenburg position:In this position, the left lower lobe is elevated, allowing gravity to assist in draining secretions toward the larger airways for clearance. The Trendelenburg position further enhances the effect of gravity on secretion drainage from the lower lobe.