A nurse is teaching a client how to self-administer heparin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Use an 18-gauge, 1-inch needle to administer the medication.

Inject 5.1 cm (2 in) away from the umbilicus.

Expel air bubble before injecting medication.

Massage the injection site after withdrawing the needle.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Use an 18-gauge, 1-inch needle to administer the medication. An 18-gauge needle is too large for subcutaneous heparin injections, which require a smaller, finer needle, typically 25- to 27-gauge and ⅜- to ⅝-inch in length. The smaller gauge reduces discomfort and is appropriate for subcutaneous tissue.

B. Inject 5.1 cm (2 in) away from the umbilicus. Heparin injections should be given at least 2 inches from the umbilicus to avoid areas with dense blood vessels, which decreases the risk of hematoma formation and improves medication absorption.

C. Expel air bubble before injecting medication. For prefilled heparin syringes, the small air bubble should not be expelled, as it helps ensure the full dose is administered and can reduce bruising by sealing the medication in the tissue.

D. Massage the injection site after withdrawing the needle. Massaging the site after a heparin injection is not recommended as it increases the risk of bruising and tissue irritation. Instead, gentle pressure may be applied briefly if there is bleeding at the site.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Metabolic syndrome:

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke. These conditions include elevated blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

B. Family history of alcohol use disorder:

While a family history of alcohol use disorder may contribute to various health issues, it is not a direct risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, excessive alcohol consumption itself can contribute to cardiovascular problems.

C. Hypotension:

Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is generally not considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In fact, low blood pressure is often associated with a reduced risk of certain cardiovascular events.

D. Participation in competitive sports:

Participation in competitive sports, in general, is not a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In fact, regular physical activity is often recommended for cardiovascular health. However, the specific type and intensity of sports activities, as w

A. Schedule a support session for the client. B. Review the use of an artificial larynx with the client. C. Explain the techniques of esophageal speech. D. Determine the client's reading ability.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Schedule a support session for the client.While providing emotional support is important, it is not the immediate priority. The client needs to understand how to communicate effectively after the laryngectomy.

B. Review the use of an artificial larynx with the client.This intervention is the priority because the client will need to know how to use an artificial larynx to facilitate communication after losing their natural voice. This understanding is critical for the client’s post-operative adjustment and ability to express themselves.

C. Explain the techniques of esophageal speech.Although teaching esophageal speech is important, the use of an artificial larynx may be more immediately relevant and easier for the client to learn and use right after surgery.

D. Determine the client's reading ability.This may be relevant for assessing the client's ability to understand written instructions, but it is not as directly related to their immediate post-operative needs for communication.

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A nurse is teaching a client how to self-administer heparin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

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