A nurse is teaching a client how to self-administer heparin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Yogurt with fruit:

While yogurt with fruit is a soft and easily digestible option, it is not representative of a progression from a clear liquid diet to a full liquid diet. Yogurt is typically included in a full liquid diet, but the addition of fruit may introduce solid particles. The transition from clear to full liquids usually involves avoiding solid or textured foods.

B. Pudding:

Pudding is a suitable choice that aligns with the progression from a clear liquid diet to a full liquid diet. Pudding is a smooth and creamy food, making it appropriate for someone transitioning from clear liquids. It provides a source of calories and is easy to swallow, meeting the criteria for a full liquid diet.

C. Cooked vegetables:

Cooked vegetables are not part of a full liquid diet. While they are a healthy food choice, they are too textured for someone transitioning from a clear liquid diet. Full liquid diets focus on foods that are liquid at room temperature or become liquid when they reach body temperature.

D. Bananas:

Bananas are a soft and easily digestible fruit, but they are not typically included in a full liquid diet. The texture of bananas may be too thick for someone progressing from a clear liquid diet, and they are not considered a liquid or a food that becomes liquid at room temperature.

A. Cholesterol level: Elevated cholesterol levels are a risk factor for heart disease. High levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

B. History of hyperlipidemia: Hyperlipidemia refers to elevated levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides. A history of hyperlipidemia indicates a pre-existing condition that can contribute to the risk of heart disease.

C. History of hypertension: Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a significant risk factor for heart disease. It can lead to damage to the arteries, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis (narrowing and hardening of the arteries) and other cardiovascular complications.

Explanation:

D. History of rheumatoid arthritis: While rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that primarily affects the joints, it is not a direct risk factor for heart disease. However, people with rheumatoid arthritis may have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to inflammation.

E. Fasting glucose level: The fasting glucose level is related to diabetes rather than heart disease. However, diabetes is a significant risk factor for heart disease, so managing glucose levels is crucial for overall cardiovascular health.

F. Family history: While a family history of heart disease can contribute to an individual's overall risk, it is not a direct finding in the medical record that places the client at risk. The specific risk factors mentioned earlier (cholesterol level, history of hyperlipidemia, and history of hypertension) are more direct indicators of cardiovascular risk.