A nurse is caring for a client who routinely drinks alcohol. Which of the following information should the nurse provide the client about alcohol consumption?

"Alcohol is metabolized in the kidneys."

"Alcohol can increase the chances of nephrotoxicity."

"Alcohol can decrease the chance of medication side effects."

"Medication can be metabolized faster when alcohol is consumed regularly."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "Alcohol is metabolized in the kidneys." Alcohol is primarily metabolized in the liver, not the kidneys.

B. "Alcohol can increase the chances of nephrotoxicity." Chronic alcohol use can damage the kidneys and increase the risk of nephrotoxicity, especially when combined with nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., NSAIDs, aminoglycosides).

C. "Alcohol can decrease the chance of medication side effects." Alcohol can actually enhance medication side effects, such as sedation with CNS depressants or liver damage with acetaminophen.

D. "Medication can be metabolized faster when alcohol is consumed regularly." Chronic alcohol use induces liver enzymes, potentially altering metabolism, but it does not necessarily speed up drug metabolism for all medications.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. 1630 and 1930: Peak and trough levels are used to monitor drug effectiveness and prevent toxicity. Trough levels (lowest drug concentration) are drawn right before the next dose-1745 would be slightly too late. Peak levels (highest drug concentration) are drawn 30-60 minutes after administration (for IV drugs). Since the next dose is at 1800, the trough should be drawn just before the dose (1630) and the peak should be drawn 30-60 minutes after the dose (1930).

B. 1100 and 1700- Incorrect timing, not close to dose administration.

C. 1400 and 2200- Too far from the scheduled 1800 dose.

D. 1745 and 1830- Trough is too close to administration, peak is too early.

A. Dosage B. Time/frequency C. Route D. Medication

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Dosage: The prescription states "metformin 500" but does not specify milligrams (mg), making it incomplete. It should be "metformin 500 mg PO BID" to avoid errors.

B. Time/frequency: BID (twice a day) is included, so the frequency is already specified.

C. Route: PO (by mouth) is clearly stated.

D. Medication: The drug name "metformin" is provided, so it is not missing.

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A nurse is caring for a client who routinely drinks alcohol. Which of the following information should the nurse provide the client about alcohol consumption?

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