A nurse is caring for a client with chronic renal failure who complains of "pins and needles" sensation in their hands and feet. What should the nurse recognize as the possible cause of this symptom?
Peripheral neuropathy due to uremic toxins
Increased blood flow to the extremities
Adequate nerve conduction related to calcium levels
Hypokalemia from potassium-sparing diuretics
The Correct Answer is A
A. Correct. Peripheral neuropathy, characterized by tingling sensations or "pins and needles" in the hands and feet, is a common neurological complication of chronic renal failure. Uremic toxins build up in the blood when the kidneys are unable to adequately filter waste products, leading to nerve damage and peripheral neuropathy.
B. Incorrect. Increased blood flow to the extremities is not typically associated with the "pins and needles" sensation described by the client.
C. Incorrect. Adequate nerve conduction related to calcium levels would not cause the "pins and needles" sensation; instead, disturbances in calcium levels can lead to other neurological symptoms.
D. Incorrect. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, can cause muscle weakness or cramps but is not typically associated with peripheral neuropathy.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Antibiotics are generally safe and are not known to be a risk factor for chronic renal failure.
B. Incorrect. Antihypertensive medications are essential for managing high blood pressure and reducing the risk of kidney damage in individuals with hypertension. They are not considered a risk factor for chronic renal failure.
C. Correct. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to treat conditions such as acid reflux and peptic ulcers. Prolonged and high-dose use of PPIs has been associated with an increased risk of kidney disease, including acute interstitial nephritis and chronic kidney disease.
D. Incorrect. Antipyretics such as acetaminophen are generally safe when used appropriately and are not considered a risk factor for chronic renal failure.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Correct. Increased blood pressure readings can be an early clinical manifestation of fluid overload in clients with chronic renal failure. Fluid retention can lead to hypertension as the kidneys struggle to excrete excess fluids.
B. Incorrect. Hyperkalemia may occur in chronic renal failure, but it is not an early clinical manifestation of fluid overload.
C. Incorrect. Dry and cracked skin is more commonly associated with dehydration rather than fluid overload.
D. Incorrect. Polyuria is not typically associated with fluid overload. Instead, it may be present in early stages of chronic renal failure due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine properly.
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