A nurse is caring for a pediatric client admitted with IV fluids. The client has bluish-white spots on the buccal mucosa with no other symptoms evident. Which of the following diseases should the nurse suspect?

A. Wrap the dialysate with a heating pad before instillation: Warming the dialysate to body temperature helps prevent abdominal cramping and promotes comfort during infusion. It should be warmed using a heating pad, not a microwave, to ensure safe, even heating.

B. Use clean technique when performing the procedure: Peritoneal dialysis requires strict aseptic technique to prevent peritonitis, a serious infection. Clean technique is not sufficient for this sterile procedure and increases infection risk.

C. Advance the catheter into the peritoneum to promote drainage: The catheter should never be advanced by the client. It is surgically placed and should remain secure; any manipulation can cause injury or dislodgment.

D. Lie in the same position throughout the procedure: Changing positions may actually help facilitate better drainage. Clients are often encouraged to move or reposition slightly if drainage is sluggish. Remaining in one position is not necessary.

A. Projection:Projection involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else. For example, a person who overeats might accuse others of having poor self-control, rather than acknowledging their own behavior.

B. Sublimation:Sublimation is a mature defense mechanism in which unacceptable impulses or urges are redirected into socially acceptable or constructive activities. In this case, turning the urge to overeat into productive presentations about nutrition is a clear example.

C. Introjection:Introjection is the unconscious adoption of another person’s ideas, values, or behaviors as one’s own. It does not explain the client’s channeling of impulses into positive action, which is better described by sublimation.

D. Dissociation:Dissociation involves a disconnection from thoughts, feelings, memories, or sense of identity. It is often seen in trauma-related disorders, not in purposeful, constructive activities like giving presentations.