A nurse is caring for a toddler who received radiation therapy 2 years ago for a brain tumor. Which of the following should the nurse identify as a late adverse effect of the radiation therapy?
Desquamation
Nausea
Mucosal ulceration
Short stature
The Correct Answer is D
A. Desquamation: Skin peeling or desquamation is an acute side effect of radiation therapy, typically appearing during or shortly after treatment, not years later.
B. Nausea: Nausea is also an acute effect that commonly occurs during radiation therapy, especially when the gastrointestinal tract or brain is involved. It is not considered a late effect years after treatment.
C. Mucosal ulceration: Ulceration of the mucous membranes is an early complication related to radiation affecting rapidly dividing cells. It resolves after treatment and is not a late manifestation.
D. Short stature: Radiation therapy in young children can damage growth plates and affect hormone production, leading to growth delays and short stature. This is a recognized late adverse effect seen years after treatment.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "It is okay to blame others for your feelings.": Encouraging blame prevents the child from learning responsibility for their own emotions. Healthy coping strategies involve recognizing feelings and finding constructive ways to manage them.
B. "When you feel angry and overwhelmed, take some deep breaths.": Deep breathing is a relaxation technique that helps calm the nervous system, decrease stress, and improve emotional regulation. This is an effective coping strategy for children experiencing stress.
C. "Take a break from group activities when you are stressed.": While temporary breaks can be helpful, avoiding group activities altogether may lead to isolation and limit social support, which is important in managing stress.
D. "Keep your strong feelings to yourself.": Suppressing emotions can increase stress and may lead to unhealthy coping behaviors. Children should be encouraged to express their feelings safely and seek support when needed.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Pale, oily stools: Celiac disease causes malabsorption due to an immune response to gluten, leading to steatorrhea. The stools are typically pale, foul-smelling, and oily because of impaired fat absorption.
B. Redcurrant, jelly-like stools: This type of stool is characteristic of intussusception, a condition where part of the intestine telescopes into itself, causing bleeding and mucus, not celiac disease.
C. Increased hemoglobin level: Children with celiac disease often experience iron deficiency anemia due to malabsorption, which lowers hemoglobin levels. An increase in hemoglobin would not be expected.
D. Hematemesis: Vomiting blood is not a typical finding in celiac disease. It is more commonly associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding from ulcers or esophageal varices.
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