A nurse is caring for an older adult client who experienced temporary disorientation following surgery. The nurse should identify that this finding as a manifestation of which of the following complications?
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Postoperative delirium
The Correct Answer is D
A. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction refers to a long-term decline in cognitive function after surgery, often seen in older adults, but it is not characterized by temporary disorientation. Delirium, on the other hand, is temporary and can present as disorientation shortly after surgery.
B. Dementia is a chronic condition marked by long-term cognitive decline, not a temporary state. Dementia typically develops over time, unlike the acute onset of disorientation seen in postoperative delirium.
C. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to cognitive decline, which occurs gradually over time. Temporary disorientation immediately after surgery is not a symptom of Alzheimer's.
D. Postoperative delirium is an acute, often reversible, confusion or disorientation that typically occurs after surgery, particularly in older adults. It can be triggered by anesthesia, medications, or other factors and is characterized by temporary cognitive disturbances such as disorientation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Manifestations of hypoglycemia are not a primary concern while TPN is infusing. However, rebound hypoglycemia can occur if TPN is abruptly discontinued, but this is not the most immediate factor to monitor.
B. Height of the IV pole does not directly impact the effectiveness or safety of TPN administration.
C. IV insertion site should be closely monitored because TPN is typically administered through a central line, which carries a high risk of infection, phlebitis, and thrombosis. Regular assessment helps prevent complications such as sepsis or catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI).
D. The client’s oral intake is not a priority because TPN provides complete nutritional support, making oral intake irrelevant in most cases.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. High blood pressure is not typically associated with dehydration. In fact, dehydration often leads to low blood pressure (hypotension) due to the decreased volume of circulating blood.
B. Moist skin is not consistent with dehydration. Dehydration causes the skin to become dry and may result in decreased skin turgor.
C. Dark-colored urine is a common sign of dehydration because the kidneys conserve water, leading to more concentrated urine. This results in the dark yellow or amber color seen in dehydrated individuals.
D. Distended neck veins are usually associated with conditions that cause fluid overload, such as heart failure, not dehydration. Dehydration leads to a reduced blood volume and would not cause distended neck veins.
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