A nurse is caring for an older adult client who experienced temporary disorientation following surgery. The nurse should identify that this finding as a manifestation of which of the following complications?
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Postoperative delirium
The Correct Answer is D
A. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction refers to a long-term decline in cognitive function after surgery, often seen in older adults, but it is not characterized by temporary disorientation. Delirium, on the other hand, is temporary and can present as disorientation shortly after surgery.
B. Dementia is a chronic condition marked by long-term cognitive decline, not a temporary state. Dementia typically develops over time, unlike the acute onset of disorientation seen in postoperative delirium.
C. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to cognitive decline, which occurs gradually over time. Temporary disorientation immediately after surgery is not a symptom of Alzheimer's.
D. Postoperative delirium is an acute, often reversible, confusion or disorientation that typically occurs after surgery, particularly in older adults. It can be triggered by anesthesia, medications, or other factors and is characterized by temporary cognitive disturbances such as disorientation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Phosphorus is a mineral that plays a role in bone and teeth formation, energy metabolism, and cell function. However, it is not involved in oxygen transport.
B. Iron is essential for the transport of oxygen. It is a key component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which binds to oxygen and allows it to be transported throughout the body.
C. Magnesium is important for muscle function, nerve transmission, and energy production but is not directly involved in oxygen transport.
D. Potassium is essential for maintaining proper cell function, including nerve transmission and muscle contraction, but does not play a role in oxygen transport.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 0715: This time is too soon after the administration of NPH insulin. NPH insulin typically has an onset of action of 1 to 2 hours, so hypoglycemia would not be expected this early.
B. 0730: Similar to option A, this time is still too soon for the onset of NPH insulin. The insulin has not yet started to lower blood glucose levels significantly.
C. 1200: By this time, the insulin would be in its peak action phase, not the onset phase. Hypoglycemia could occur during the peak, but the question specifically asks about the onset.
D. 0900: This time is within the expected onset period of NPH insulin, which is 1 to 2 hours after administration. Therefore, hypoglycemia could occur around this time as the insulin begins to lower blood glucose levels.
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