A nurse is caring for an older adult client who experienced temporary disorientation following surgery. The nurse should identify that this finding as a manifestation of which of the following complications?
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Postoperative delirium
The Correct Answer is D
A. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction refers to a long-term decline in cognitive function after surgery, often seen in older adults, but it is not characterized by temporary disorientation. Delirium, on the other hand, is temporary and can present as disorientation shortly after surgery.
B. Dementia is a chronic condition marked by long-term cognitive decline, not a temporary state. Dementia typically develops over time, unlike the acute onset of disorientation seen in postoperative delirium.
C. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to cognitive decline, which occurs gradually over time. Temporary disorientation immediately after surgery is not a symptom of Alzheimer's.
D. Postoperative delirium is an acute, often reversible, confusion or disorientation that typically occurs after surgery, particularly in older adults. It can be triggered by anesthesia, medications, or other factors and is characterized by temporary cognitive disturbances such as disorientation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Partial-thickness skin loss with red tissue in the wound bed is characteristic of a stage 2 pressure injury, which involves damage to the epidermis and possibly the dermis. The red tissue is typically granulation tissue or viable tissue.
B. Intact skin with localized erythema would be indicative of a stage 1 pressure injury, where the skin remains intact but shows redness or non-blanching erythema.
C. Full-thickness skin loss with visible adipose tissue would describe a stage 3 pressure injury, which involves damage to the full dermis and subcutaneous tissue, exposing fat.
D. Full-thickness skin loss with visible bone would describe a stage 4 pressure injury, which extends through all layers of the skin and tissue to expose bone, tendon, or muscle.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A lack of dietary fiber is commonly associated with constipation. Fiber is essential for proper bowel function, as it helps form bulk in stool and promotes regular bowel movements. Insufficient fiber can lead to sluggish bowel movements and discomfort.
B. Memory loss is not directly related to inadequate fiber intake. It is more commonly linked to other factors such as vitamin deficiencies or neurological conditions.
C. Brittle hair is typically a sign of protein or vitamin deficiencies, particularly biotin or other B vitamins, rather than being directly related to inadequate fiber intake.
D. Bleeding gums are more commonly associated with vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) rather than fiber deficiency, which does not have a direct impact on gum health.
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