A nurse is implementing interventions to prevent or reduce social isolation in older adult clients who live in a long-term care facility.

Which of the following interventions are appropriate for this setting?

(Select all that apply.).

Providing opportunities for group activities such as games, music, art or exercise

Encouraging family members or volunteers to visit or call the clients regularly.

Creating a homelike environment that promotes comfort, safety and privacy.

Assigning consistent staff members who are familiar with the clients’ needs and preferences.

Providing feedback or recognition for the clients’ achievements or contributions.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

These interventions are appropriate for reducing social isolation in older adult clients who live in a long-term care facility because they provide opportunities for social interaction, support, comfort and familiarity.

Choice A is correct because group activities such as games, music, art or exercise can foster a sense of belonging, enjoyment and engagement among older adults . Group activities can also improve physical and mental health, cognitive function and well-being .

Choice B is correct because encouraging family members or volunteers to visit or call the clients regularly can enhance the quality and quantity of social relationships, which can reduce loneliness and isolation . Family members or volunteers can also provide emotional support, companionship and practical assistance to the clients .

Choice C is correct because creating a homelike environment that promotes comfort, safety and privacy can increase the clients’ satisfaction, autonomy and dignity . A homelike environment can also facilitate social interactions among the clients and the staff by providing common areas, personal belongings and familiar objects .

Choice D is correct because assigning consistent staff members who are familiar with the clients’ needs and preferences can improve the continuity and quality of care, as well as the trust and rapport between the clients and the staff . Consistent staff members can also recognize and respond to the clients’ social needs and preferences, and provide personalized interventions .

Choice E is incorrect because providing feedback or recognition for the clients’ achievements or contributions may not be effective in reducing social isolation, unless it is combined with other interventions that promote social interaction and support . Feedback or recognition alone may not address the underlying causes of social isolation, such as lack of meaningful relationships, low self-esteem or poor health .

Normal ranges for social isolation and loneliness are difficult to define, as they depend on various factors such as individual characteristics, cultural norms and measurement tools. However, some indicators of social isolation include having few or no social contacts, participating in few or no social activities, feeling disconnected from others or society, and having low levels of perceived social support . Some indicators of loneliness include feeling unhappy about one’s social situation, feeling left out or unwanted, lacking companionship or intimacy, and having low levels of perceived belongingness or connectedness .

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is D.

Digit Span Test (DST).

The DST is a tool that can be used to assess the client’s attention span and concentration by asking them to repeat a series of digits forward and backward (Martin, 1990).

The DST is part of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which is a broader tool that covers other domains of cognitive functioning, such as orientation, memory, language, and visuospatial skills (Folstein et al., 1975).

Choice A is wrong because the MMSE is not a specific tool for attention span and concentration, but rather a general screening tool for cognitive impairment.

Choice B is wrong because the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is a tool that can be used to diagnose delirium, but not to assess attention span and concentration.

The CAM focuses on four features of delirium: acute onset and fluctuating course, inattention, disorganized thinking, and altered level of consciousness (Inouye et al., 1990).

Choice C is wrong because the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a tool that can be used to assess visuospatial skills and executive function, but not attention span and concentration.

The CDT requires the client to draw a clock face with numbers and hands indicating a specific time (Shulman et al., 1986).

Normal ranges for the DST vary depending on the age and education level of the client, but generally a score of 5 or more digits forward and 4 or more digits backward is considered normal (Martin, 1990).

A. Medications B. Vision problems C. Home environment. D. Thyroid function. E. Urinary incontinence.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

The correct answer isA, B, C, and E.

The nurse should ask the client about medications, vision problems, home environment, and urinary incontinence as these are all factors that could contribute to falls in older adults.

• Medicationscan increase the risk of falls because they can cause side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, or low blood pressure.Some medications that can increase the risk of falls include sedatives, antidepressants, antihypertensives, diuretics, and anticholinergics.

• Vision problemscan impair the ability to see obstacles, judge depth and distance, or adjust to changes in light.Some vision problems that can increase the risk of falls include cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy.

• Home environmentcan pose safety hazards that can cause tripping, slipping, or losing balance.Some home hazards that can increase the risk of falls include loose rugs, clutter, poor lighting, slippery floors, uneven surfaces, and lack of handrails or grab bars.

• Urinary incontinencecan lead to rushed movements to the bathroom or frequent nighttime trips that can increase the risk of falls.Urinary incontinence can be caused by various factors such as bladder infections, prostate problems, pelvic floor weakness, or medication side effects.

Choice D is wrong because thyroid function is not a direct factor that contributes to falls in older adults.However, thyroid disorders such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism can affect other factors such as muscle strength, bone density, heart rate, or blood pressure that can indirectly increase the risk of falls.

Normal ranges for thyroid function tests vary depending on the laboratory and the method used.However, a common reference range for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is 0.4 to 4.0 mIU/L and for free thyroxine (FT4) is 0.8 to 1.8 ng/dL.

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A nurse is implementing interventions to prevent or reduce social isolation in older adult clients who live in a long-term care facility. Which of the following interventions are appropriate for this setting? (Select all that apply.).

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

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A nurse is implementing interventions to prevent or reduce social isolation in older adult clients who live in a long-term care facility.

Which of the following interventions are appropriate for this setting?

(Select all that apply.).