A nurse is collecting an admission history from a client who has a history of peptic ulcer disease. The client requests pain medication for a sprained ankle. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe for this client short-term?

A) Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L: A bicarbonate level of 26 mEq/L is within the normal range (22-28 mEq/L) and does not indicate metabolic acidosis, which is characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In DKA, bicarbonate levels are usually decreased due to buffering of the excess acids.

B) Serum pH 7.32: A serum pH of 7.32 is indicative of acidemia, which is consistent with metabolic acidosis seen in DKA. The pH is typically lower than the normal range (7.35-7.45) in DKA due to the accumulation of ketoacids.

C) Creatinine 1.2 mg/dL: A creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL is slightly elevated but does not specifically indicate metabolic acidosis. Elevated creatinine may suggest renal impairment but is not directly linked to the acid-base disturbance seen in DKA.

D) BUN 20 mg/dL: A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 20 mg/dL is elevated and may indicate dehydration or kidney dysfunction but does not specifically diagnose the acid-base imbalance associated with DKA. In DKA, bicarbonate and pH levels are more directly affected.

A) Administering risperidone 25 mg IM is not typically appropriate for treating a panic attack. Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication used for treating conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, not for the immediate management of panic attacks. Immediate pharmacological intervention is not generally the first line of treatment in acute panic attacks unless the client has a specific medication prescribed for such episodes.

B) Teaching the client how to perform guided imagery can be beneficial for long-term anxiety management but is not the most effective intervention during an acute panic attack. During a panic attack, the client's ability to focus and learn new techniques may be impaired, making it less effective in the immediate situation.

C) Staying with the client until the panic attack subsides is the most appropriate action. Presence and reassurance from the nurse can help the client feel safer and more grounded. This approach provides emotional support and can help reduce the severity and duration of the panic attack by addressing the client's immediate need for security and stability.

D) Encouraging the client to take quick, shallow breaths can exacerbate hyperventilation and increase anxiety during a panic attack. Instead, slow, deep breathing techniques are recommended to help calm the client's physiological response and reduce the intensity of the panic attack.