A nurse is collecting data from a client who has AIDS. The nurse notes that the client has multiple, widespread purplish-brown skin lesions. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following types of skin lesions?
Actinic keratosis
Kaposi's sarcoma
Actinic dermatitis
Basal cell carcinoma
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Actinic keratosis is a rough, scaly patch on the skin caused by long-term sun exposure. It is usually not purplish-brown and is more common in fair-skinned individuals. These lesions are considered pre-cancerous and can develop into squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated. The description of purplish-brown lesions in the context of an AIDS diagnosis is more indicative of Kaposi's sarcoma.
Choice B reason: Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels. It often presents as purplish-brown, red, or bluish lesions on the skin or mucous membranes and is commonly associated with AIDS. The multiple, widespread nature of the lesions described aligns with the typical presentation of Kaposi's sarcoma, making it the most likely diagnosis in this scenario.
Choice C reason: Actinic dermatitis, also known as photodermatitis, is an inflammatory reaction of the skin to sunlight. It does not typically present as purplish-brown lesions. This condition manifests as redness, swelling, and possibly blistering in sun-exposed areas. The description given is not consistent with actinic dermatitis and points more towards Kaposi's sarcoma in an AIDS client.
Choice D reason: Basal cell carcinoma does not usually present with multiple, widespread purplish-brown lesions. It is typically a localized lesion that appears as a pearly or waxy bump. The description of multiple, widespread lesions is more characteristic of Kaposi's sarcoma in clients with AIDS, making basal cell carcinoma an unlikely diagnosis in this context.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Adding the amount of bladder irrigation to the total output is incorrect. Instead, the nurse should subtract the amount of irrigation solution instilled from the total output to accurately measure the client's urine output.
Choice B reason: The correct answer is b because using sterile technique when preparing the irrigation solution is crucial to prevent introducing infections into the bladder or urinary tract during the continuous bladder irrigation process.
Choice C reason: The correct answer is c because ensuring the drainage tubing is patent and without obstruction is essential to maintain effective bladder irrigation and prevent complications such as bladder distention and clot formation.
Choice D reason: The correct answer is d because if the client reports a continual need to void, it may indicate that the irrigation is not functioning properly, and the surgeon should be contacted to assess the situation and make necessary adjustments.
Choice E reason: The correct answer is e because bright red urine or the presence of large clots can indicate active bleeding, which requires prompt notification of the surgeon for further evaluation and intervention.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Providing a diet high in protein is not appropriate during the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, as it can increase the workload on the kidneys and worsen kidney function. Protein intake should be carefully managed based on the client's condition.
Choice B reason: Ibuprofen is contraindicated in clients with acute kidney injury because it can further impair kidney function. Pain management should be approached with alternative medications that do not have nephrotoxic effects.
Choice C reason: The correct answer is c because monitoring intake and output hourly is crucial in managing acute kidney injury. Accurate measurement of fluid balance helps guide treatment decisions and prevent complications such as fluid overload or dehydration.
Choice D reason: Encouraging the client to consume at least 2 L of fluid daily is not appropriate in the oliguric phase, as the kidneys' ability to excrete fluids is impaired. Fluid intake should be carefully restricted and monitored to avoid fluid overload.
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