A nurse is collecting data from a client who has meningitis. When passively flexing the client's neck, the nurse notes an involuntary flexion of both legs. Which of the following conditions is the client displaying?

Kernig sign

Nuchal rigidity

Brudzinski's sign

Bradykinesia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Kernig sign is elicited by flexing the client's hip and knee, then straightening the leg. Pain or resistance indicates meningeal irritation.
B. Nuchal rigidity refers to stiffness of the neck, a classic sign of meningitis, but it does not involve reflexive leg movement.
C. Brudzinski’s sign is positive when passive neck flexion causes involuntary flexion of the hips and knees. It is a classic indicator of meningeal irritation, such as in meningitis.
D. Bradykinesia refers to slowness of movement, typically seen in Parkinson’s disease, not meningitis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Decreased respiratory rate is not a hallmarkof bradykinesia and is not typically associated with Parkinson’s disease.
B. Slurred speechis a common manifestation of bradykinesia, which refers to slowness of movement, including the muscles involved in speech, resulting in soft, slow, or slurred speech.
C. Increased blinkingis unlikely; patients with Parkinson’s often exhibit reduced blinking, contributing to a fixed facial expression.
D. States of euphoriaare not characteristic of Parkinson’s disease or bradykinesia; patients are more likely to experience depression or apathy.

A. Cognitive and mental capacities will most likely remain intact throughout the disease progression. B. Ability to swallow will remain intact. C. Breathing should not be affected by the disease. D. Ability to move the upper limbs may be affected.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. ALS primarily affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis, but cognitive and mental functions usually remain intact. This is important for family understanding and care planning.
B. The ability to swallow is often impaired in late stages due to muscle weakness.
C. Breathing is affected as respiratory muscles weaken, which is a critical concern in ALS progression.
D. Both upper and lower limb movements are typically affected as the disease advances, but cognitive status is a key point to clarify with families.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has meningitis. When passively flexing the client's neck, the nurse notes an involuntary flexion of both legs. Which of the following conditions is the client displaying?

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