A nurse is collecting data from a client who has mitral stenosis. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of this condition?

S3 heart sound

Dyspnea on exertion

Cyanosis

S4 Heart Sound

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. S3 heart sound: An S3 heart sound is often associated with heart failure and volume overload, not specifically mitral stenosis.

B. Dyspnea on exertion: Dyspnea on exertion is a classic symptom of mitral stenosis. The narrowing of the mitral valve restricts blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, causing pulmonary congestion and shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.

C. Cyanosis: While cyanosis can occur in advanced stages of heart disease, it is not a primary symptom of mitral stenosis. It indicates severe oxygenation issues, which are usually late findings.

D. S4 heart sound: An S4 heart sound is typically associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, which can occur in advanced cases of mitral stenosis. However, it's not a specific early manifestation of the condition.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Exercise ECG stress test: An exercise ECG stress test requires informed consent because it involves physical activity that may place stress on the heart and carries certain risks, such as inducing arrhythmias or other complications.

B. Electrocardiogram: An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a non-invasive, routine diagnostic test that does not require written informed consent.

C. CT scan without contrast dye: A CT scan without contrast dye is a standard imaging procedure that typically does not require written informed consent, unless there are specific risks or complications involved.

D. Echocardiogram: An echocardiogram is a non-invasive ultrasound test of the heart and does not require written informed consent under normal circumstances.

A. Tell the client to take another nitroglycerin tablet in 15 min. B. Advise the client to take an antacid. C. Advise the client to come into the office. D. Instruct the client to call 911.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Tell the client to take another nitroglycerin tablet in 15 minutes. Nitroglycerin can be taken every 5 minutes, up to three doses, for chest pain. Waiting 15 minutes to take another dose is too long and can delay necessary treatment.

B. Advise the client to take an antacid. Antacids are not appropriate for managing chest pain that may be related to angina or a myocardial infarction. This response may delay critical treatment.

C. Advise the client to come into the office. This would delay care in a potential emergency situation. If the client is experiencing unrelieved chest pain after taking nitroglycerin, immediate emergency care is necessary.

D. Instruct the client to call 911. Chest pain unrelieved by nitroglycerin is a sign of a possible myocardial infarction, which is a medical emergency. The client should call 911 immediately to receive urgent care.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has mitral stenosis. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of this condition?

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